Fluid Temperature and Salinity Characteristics of the Matagami Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide District, Quebec

Ioannou, S. E.; Spooner, E. T. C.; Barrie, C. Tucker

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.102.4.691

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…China, ZENGQIAN et al, 2008, the Iberian Pyrite Belt, TORNOS, 2006. Moreover, the occurrence of even halite-bearing fluid inclusions were also documented both at Precambrian (salinities of 38.2 ± 1.9 NaCl equiv wt%, IOANNOU et al, 2007) and Phanerozoic locations (salinities up to 52 NaCl equiv. wt%, NEHLIG, 1991 andJUTEAU et al, 2000).…”

Section: Ptx Conditions Of the Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Fluid inclusion study of the Boccassuolo VMS-related stockwork deposit (Northern-Apennine ophiolites, Italy)

2015

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Several Cyprus-type volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits occur in the Jurassic ophiolitic series of the Northern Apennines. Stratabound, stratiform and stockwork deposits were formed in the western limb of the Neotethys (Ligurian Ocean) and are observed today in basalt, gabbro and serpentinised peridotite host rocks. The studied stockwork deposit at Boccassuolo occurs in basalt and basalt breccia. Detailed petrography, fluid inclusion study, Raman spectroscopy analyses and chlorite thermometry calculations were used to determine the P, T, X conditions of the fluid circulation system. The veins contain three quartz generations, calcite, chlorite, epidote and sericite as gangue minerals and pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite and galena as ore minerals. Based on the fluid inclusion study, the earlier defined three vein types (1, 2 and 3) precipitated from the same type of evolving fluid, though at slightly different stratigraphic positions. The determined ranges of temperature (370-60°C), salinity (6.2-11.4 NaCl equiv. wt%), pressure (30-44 MPa) and methane content (average 0.28 mol/kg) suggest an evolved seawater origin for the hydrothermal fluid, modified by fluid-rock interactions and possibly by mixing of magmatic volatiles. The fluid characteristics and the mineralogical observations have proven a slightly distal position in relation to the centre of the fluid flow for all the studied locations, but more central and more distant blocks were also recognised. The temporal evolution of the system developed into a low temperature event, occurring after the main mineral stage of formation, but still within the same overall process.

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Section: Ptx Conditions Of the Hydrothermal Systemmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Generally it comprises 30-60 MPa, but in some cases, can reach 90 MPa, especially if self-sealing of the cracks is taken into consideration (e.g. SHERLOCK et al, 1999;IOANNOU et al, 2007;PIRAJNO, 2009; STEELE-MACINNIS, 2012 and references cited therein).…”

Section: Pressure Of the Hydrothermal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid inclusion study of the Boccassuolo VMS-related stockwork deposit (Northern-Apennine ophiolites, Italy)

2015

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“…Measured salinities and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions preserved in several ancient VMS deposits on land (e.g., Zaw et al, 1996;Ioannou and Spooner, 2007) indicate that the mineralizing fluids may have been negatively buoyant, i.e., denser than ambient seawater (Solomon et al, 2002;Hannington, 2014). Such negatively buoyant brines have been invoked to explain the sheet-like aspect ratio of some of the largest VMS deposits such as Rosebery in Western Tasmania and the giant massive sulfide ore bodies in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (e.g., Sato, 1972;Potter and Brown, 1977;Turner and Campbell, 1987;Solomon et al, 2004b), as a result of transient containment of ore fluids in brine pools (Solomon et al, 2002;Tornos et al, 2008).…”

Section: Relation To Submarine Ore Deposits Exposed and Mined On Landmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic modeling of magmatic–hydrothermal activity at submarine arc volcanoes, with implications for ore formation

Gruen

Weis

Driesner

et al. 2014

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…This is a minor uncertainty compared to the zinc solubility function we have adapted, which could easily be increased or decreased by a factor of 3. The unusually high salinity of fluid inclusions of the south limb deposits (Ioannou et al, 2007) suggests the metal loading could be higher than we assume. As long as the salinity of the fluid is uniform, however, the convection pattern we simulate will remain valid within the limits of the Boussinesq approximation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

On the Size and Spacing of Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits within a District with Application to the Matagami District, Quebec

2008

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Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) districts are typically ~40 km in diameter and contain about a dozen regularly spaced Zn-Cu orebodies, one or two of which contain more than half of the district's resources. We numerically investigate this deposit size and spatial distribution by calculating zinc transport across the sea floor, first above sills of simple geometry, and then above the Bell River Complex at Matagami. For sills with simple rectangular geometry (i.e., a constant thickness), convection is strongest at the edge. The edge convection induces a progression of convection cells above the sill, although the sill cools mainly by the retreat of its thermal edges toward the sill center. If the rock permeability is a function of temperature that is maximized at 375°C, the resulting vents occur at stable, discrete locations that proxy for ore deposits. The fraction of sill heat vented at or above 300°C and the potential metal resources of the districts are greatest if the host permeability is 10 -15 m 2 (1 millidarcy) and the sill top is at 1 km depth. The simulations suggest that, as the host permeability increases, a single large deposit will progressively dominate a host of smaller ones. The Matagami simulations are based on a sill that tapers from 6.5 to 0 km thickness over a distance of 30 km. In the model, convection occurs both above the sill and along its underside, and metal is extracted from both sides of the cooling sill. The spacing of the resulting discharge sites is similar to that observed in actual VMS districts and, where direct comparison is possible, the mass of metal deposited is similar for an accumulation efficiency of ~3

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Fluid Temperature and Salinity Characteristics of the Matagami Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide District, Quebec

Cited by 15 publications

References 133 publications

Fluid inclusion study of the Boccassuolo VMS-related stockwork deposit (Northern-Apennine ophiolites, Italy)

Fluid inclusion study of the Boccassuolo VMS-related stockwork deposit (Northern-Apennine ophiolites, Italy)

Hydrodynamic modeling of magmatic–hydrothermal activity at submarine arc volcanoes, with implications for ore formation

On the Size and Spacing of Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposits within a District with Application to the Matagami District, Quebec

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