Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulations of a Wind Gust Impacting on the Blades of a Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Santo, Gilberto; Peeters, Mathijs; Paepegem, Wim Van; Degroote, Joris

doi:10.3390/en13030509

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The precursor conditions are approximating measurements from the DanAero field experiment (Bak et al, 2010), where a met mast located ≈ 2.5 diameters from the considered rotor measured the wind field using cup anemometers at six points vertically, 17, 28.5, 41, 57 (hub height), 77, and 93 m. The data set from these cup anemometers is used to fit a corresponding neutral log-law wind profile to generate inputs for the Schumann-Grötzbach (SG) wall model (Schumann, 1975;Grötzbach, 1987) used in the simulation.…”

Section: Turbulent Inflow Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow: fluid–structure interaction simulations with hybrid turbulence modeling

Grinderslev

Sørensen²,

Horcas

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. In order to design future large wind turbines, knowledge is needed about the impact of aero-elasticity on the rotor loads and performance and about the physics of the atmospheric flow surrounding the turbines. The objective of the present work is to study both effects by means of high-fidelity rotor-resolved numerical simulations. In particular, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a 2.3 MW wind turbine are conducted, this rotor being the largest design with relevant experimental data available to the authors. Turbulence is modeled with two different approaches. On one hand, a model using the well-established technique of improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) is employed. An additional set of simulations relies on a novel hybrid turbulence model, developed within the framework of the present work. It consists of a blend of a large-eddy simulation (LES) model by Deardorff for atmospheric flow and an IDDES model for the separated flow near the rotor geometry. In the same way, the assessment of the influence of the blade flexibility is performed by comparing two different sets of computations. The first group accounts for a structural multi-body dynamics (MBD) model of the blades. The MBD solver was coupled to the CFD solver during run time with a staggered fluid–structure interaction (FSI) scheme. The second set of simulations uses the original rotor geometry, without accounting for any structural deflection. The results of the present work show no significant difference between the IDDES and the hybrid turbulence model. In a similar manner, and due to the fact that the considered rotor was relatively stiff, the loading variation introduced by the blade flexibility was found to be negligible when compared to the influence of inflow turbulence. The simulation method validated here is considered highly relevant for future turbine designs, where the impact of blade elasticity will be significant and the detailed structure of the atmospheric inflow will be important.

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Section: Turbulent Inflow Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow: fluid–structure interaction simulations with hybrid turbulence modeling

Grinderslev

Sørensen²,

Horcas

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…The authors found that yaw leads to a lower deflection but a higher yaw-moment on the hub. In Santo et al (2020b), gusts were introduced showing that in the considered case, flow separation was occurring working as a passive load control. Streiner et al (2008), Meister (2015) and Klein et al (2018) worked sequentially on a FSI coupling between the CFD code FLOWer and the Multi-Body Simulation (MBS) commercial solver SIMPACK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fidelity aeroelastic analyses of wind turbines in complex terrain: FSI and aerodynamic modelling

Guma

Bücher

Letzgus

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. This paper shows high-fidelity Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) studies applied on the research wind turbine of the WINSENT project. In this project, two research wind turbines are going to be erected in the South of Germany in the WindForS complex terrain test field. The FSI is obtained by coupling the CFD URANS/DES code FLOWer and the multiphysics FEM solver Kratos, in which both beam and shell structural elements can be chosen to model the turbine. The two codes are coupled in both an explicit and an implicit way. The different modelling approaches strongly differ with respect to computational resources and therefore the advantages of their higher accuracy must be correlated with the respective additional computational costs. The presented FSI coupling method has been applied firstly to a single blade model of the turbine under standard uniform inflow conditions. It could be concluded that for such a small turbine, in uniform conditions a beam model is sufficient to correctly build the blade deformations. Afterwards, the aerodynamic complexity has been increased considering the full turbine with turbulent inflow conditions generated from real field data, in both a flat and complex terrains. It is shown that in these cases a higher structural fidelity is necessary. The effects of aeroelasticity are then shown on the phase-averaged blade loads, showing that using the same inflow turbulence, a flat terrain is mostly influenced by the shear, while the complex terrain is mostly affected by low velocity structures generated by the forest. Finally, the impact of aeroelasticity and turbulence on the Damage Equivalent Loading (DEL) is discussed, showing that flexibility is reducing the DEL in case of turbulent inflow, acting as a damper breaking larger cycles into smaller ones.

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“…In (Santo et al, 2020a), the effects of wind shear, yaw-error, tilt and tower shadow were all investigated, finding for instance that the introduction of yaw lead to a decrease in blade deflection but a large increase in yaw-moment on the hub. In (Santo et al, 2020b), wind gusts were introduced by acceleration of the flow near the rotor top position. One conclusion found was that for the used setup and turbulence model, a flow separation occurred when the velocity rapidly increased due to the gust, limiting the load increase avoiding any extreme deflections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow – FSI simulations with hybrid LES-IDDES turbulence modelling

Grinderslev¹,

Sørensen²,

Horcas³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In order to design future large wind turbines, knowledge is needed about the impact of aero-elasticity on the rotor loads and performance, and about the physics of the atmospheric flow surrounding the turbines. The objective of the present work is to study both effects by means of high fidelity rotor-resolved numerical simulations. In particular, unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a 2.3 MW wind turbine rotor are conducted, this rotor being the largest design with relevant experimental data available to the authors. Turbulence is modeled with two different approaches. On one hand, the well established improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) model is employed. An additional set of simulations relies on a novel hybrid turbulence model, developed within the framework of the present work. It consists on the blending of a large eddy simulation (LES) model for atmospheric flow by Deardorff with an IDDES model for the separated flow near the rotor geometry. In the same way, the assessment of the influence of the blade flexibility is performed by comparing two different sets of computations. A first group accounts for a structural multi body dynamic (MBD) model of the blades. The MBD solver was coupled to the CFD solver during run time with a staggered fluid structure interaction (FSI) scheme. The second set of simulations uses the original rotor geometry, without accounting for any structural deflection. The results of the present work show no significant difference between the IDDES and the hybrid turbulence model. However, it is expected that future simulations of more complex stratification and longer domains will benefit from the developed hybrid model. In a similar manner, and due to the fact that the considered rotor was relatively stiff, the loading variation introduced by the blade flexibility was found to be negligible when compared to the influence of inflow turbulence. The simulation method validated here is considered highly relevant for future turbine designs, where the impact of blade elasticity will be significant and the detailed structure of the atmospheric inflow will be important.

show abstract

Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulations of a Wind Gust Impacting on the Blades of a Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Cited by 27 publications

References 49 publications

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow: fluid–structure interaction simulations with hybrid turbulence modeling

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow: fluid–structure interaction simulations with hybrid turbulence modeling

High-fidelity aeroelastic analyses of wind turbines in complex terrain: FSI and aerodynamic modelling

Wind turbines in atmospheric flow – FSI simulations with hybrid LES-IDDES turbulence modelling

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