Fluid-structure interaction simulations for a temperature-sensitive functionally graded hydrogel-based micro-channel

Ghasemkhani, Amir; Mazaheri, Hashem; Amiri, Arya

doi:10.1177/1045389x20963170

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Hydrogels may imbibe solvent molecules in their polymeric chains and then swell upon diffusion of the solvents. This swelling phenomenon brings interesting applications in microfluidic systems (Amiri and Mazaheri, 2020) such as drug delivery systems (Gharehnazifam et al, 2021;Hoare and Kohane, 2008), micro-valves (Ghasemkhani et al, 2021;Mazaheri et al, 2018), micro-pumps (Richter et al, 2009), actuators (Nourian et al, 2020), self-folding devices (Guan et al, 2005), grippers (Yoon, 2019), biosensors (Dolatabadi et al, 2022;Goh et al, 2017Goh et al, , 2019, and cell immobilization (Jen et al, 1996). Depending on different features, hydrogels can be divided into various categories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Amiri

Baniassadi

Bayat

et al. 2022

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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To design more accurate soft sensors and actuators, there is a significant requirement for the application of complicated deformation conditions. Coupled extension-torsion is a type of deformation which may be utilized in the property characterization of materials with complex behavior such as soft hydrogels. Hydrogels with coupled diffusion and large deformation behavior have intricate kinetics which should be studied in detail. In this work, a robust semi-analytical procedure is proposed to capture the transient behavior of cylindrical hydrogels in combined loading of extension and torsion in different conditions. Moreover, the whole problem with the same conditions is simulated in COMSOL-Multiphysics as a verification framework of the proposed semi-analytical procedure, where comparing the results shows a good agreement. The results demonstrate that the transient behavior of the cylindrical hydrogel under coupled extension-torsion is significantly dependent on the rate of the deformation and material properties. Besides, since the hydrogel undergoes a highly nonlinear swelling in this deformation regime, the simulations predict a complicated reaction force and moment. Visualizing the effect of different parameters engaged in the material shows the robust behavior of the proposed semi-analytical procedure, which can be employed in constitutive models’ calibration as well as in the design and optimization of hydrogels structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Amiri

Baniassadi

Bayat

et al. 2022

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, located in an aqueous bath, as cross-linked polymers have the capability of imbibing a significant amount of water. Upon application of environmental stimuli, hydrogels can absorb the solvent and considering their cross-linked density (Ghasemkhani et al, 2020;Shojaeifard et al, 2019b), undergo phase transition which results in distinct volumetric changes. External stimuli, that is, temperature Suo, 2011, Shojaeifard and, pH (Marcombe et al, 2010, and photo intensity (Shojaeifard and Baghani, 2019;Toh et al, 2014), give rise to physico-chemical variations in their polymeric network which in turn influences the ions and water molecules movements, diffusions, and interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PH-sensitive hydrogel-based valves: A transient fully-coupled fluid-solid interaction study

Niroumandi

Shojaeifard

Baghani

2021

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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pH-sensitive hydrogels are promising materials to be employed in microfluidic devices, especially microvalves. In this paper, a theory of transient swelling of pH-sensitive micro-valve is presented. A transient constitutive model that captures electrical, chemical, and mechanical fields is considered to model the swelling phenomenon. The diffusion of ions into the hydrogel, the electromigration, and convection are described by implementing the Nernst-Planck equation. Assuming Gent model, hydrogel is considered as a compressible hyperelastic material and osmotic pressure is assumed as an external loading. Due to benefits of in-plane valves, a design of the micro-valve is studied. Design simplicity and great sealing are vital factors which can be considered as an advantage of this valve for fabrication. This design and modeling approach has not been used for pH-sensitive hydrogels in earlier works. Thus, we have studied the transient swelling of pH-sensitive hydrogel microvalve, when effects of fluid-structure-interaction are examined on valve performance. It is noted that in most previous studies, equilibrium conditions have been assumed. While considering transient fully-coupled fluid-structure-interaction is necessary to capture a more realistic modeling. The results illustrate that the microvalve blocks the channel much earlier than reaching the equilibrium-state, which implies importance of the transient behavior of hydrogels.

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“…Thereafter, Mazaheri et al [55] conducted FSI simulations for a one-way micro-valve made of PNIPAM hydrogel on the basis of Kim and Beebe work [56]. Recently, Ghasemkhani et al [57] studied FSI influences on an FG temperature-responsive hydrogel used in a micro-channel. They also investigated how the direction of grading can affect the FG hydrogel's behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FSI and non-FSI studies on a functionally graded temperature-responsive hydrogel bilayer in a micro-channel

Mazaheri¹,

Khodabandehloo²

2021

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Taking into account both fluid-structure interaction (FSI) and non-FSI simulations, the deformation of a bilayer is investigated in this paper. The bilayer, which is utilized in a micro-channel, consists of a Functionally-graded (FG) temperature-responsive hydrogel layer and an incompressible elastomeric one. Allocating two different positions to the elastomeric layer, we make two different bilayers where in one of them, the elastomer layer is located on the left (LSE) and on the right (RSE) in another one. Also, to see the effect of grading, two bilayers with homogenous hydrogel layers with different amounts of cross-linking density are considered. For FG cases in which the hydrogel layer’s properties vary through thickness direction, both ascending and descending arrangements are analyzed. Each simulation, whether it is FSI or non-FSI, is conducted utilizing three software. FLUENT for fluid domain examinations, ABAQUS for finite element method analysis, and MpCCI to couple two aforementioned simulation domains. By extracting and comparing both simulations results, it is observed that the influence of the fluid flow is very significant and should not be ignored. Moreover, it is discovered that the fluid flow affects more the RSE configuration and also the bilayers with lower amounts of cross-linking density. Finally, we investigate how some parameters, such as inlet pressure, can affect the behavior of the bilayer.

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Fluid-structure interaction simulations for a temperature-sensitive functionally graded hydrogel-based micro-channel

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

Transient swelling of cylindrical hydrogels under coupled extension-torsion: Analytical and 3D FEM solutions

PH-sensitive hydrogel-based valves: A transient fully-coupled fluid-solid interaction study

FSI and non-FSI studies on a functionally graded temperature-responsive hydrogel bilayer in a micro-channel

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