“…12,18,21,30,33 Colloids solutions were used in nine stu dies, 13,14,17,[22][23][24]26,29,34 crystalloids in ten, 15,16,18,20,21,27,30,32,33,36 and three used both. 12,19,35 Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was the most used reference standard to assess fluid responsiveness, 12,13,15,[17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25]29,[31][32][33]37 followed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). 14,16,22,26,27,29,34,35 Sixtee...…”