Fluid Phase Endocytic Uptake of Artificial Nano-Spheres and Fluorescent Quantum Dots by Sycamore Cultured Cells

Etxeberria, Ed; González, Pedro; Baroja‐Fernández, Edurne; Pozueta‐Romero, Javier

doi:10.4161/psb.1.4.3142

Cited by 152 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…This plant model is used to circumvent the technical difficulties of studying membrane uptake processes in plants: the plant cell wall's bright autofluorescence, and impermeability to fluorescent dyes used in staining procedures (Etxeberria et al, 2006;Kole et al, 2013;Torney et al, 2007).…”

Section: Uptake Across the Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid-phase endocytosis (FPE) mechanisms differ for NPs of comparable size but different charge (Etxeberria et al, 2006): In NP-exposed protoplasts of Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore maple), 40 nm positively charged Texas Red labeled polystyrene nanospheres were primarily found in the central vacuoles DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1048326 Mechanisms of internalization and excretion of engineered nanomaterials in plants 7…”

Section: Endocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review

et al. 2015

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Uptake, transport and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into plant cells are complex processes that are currently still not well understood. Parts of this problem are the multifaceted plant anatomy, and analytical challenges to visualize and quantify ENMs in plants. We critically reviewed the currently known ENM uptake, translocation, and accumulation processes in plants. A vast number of studies showed uptake, clogging, or translocation in the apoplast of plants, most notably of nanoparticles with diameters much larger than the commonly assumed size exclusion limit of the cell walls of ∼5-20 nm. Plants that tended to translocate less ENMs were those with low transpiration, drought-tolerance, tough cell wall architecture, and tall growth. In the absence of toxicity, accumulation was often linearly proportional to exposure concentration. Further important factors strongly affecting ENM internalization are the cell wall composition, mucilage, symbiotic microorganisms (mycorrhiza), the absence of a cuticle (submerged plants) and stomata aperture. Mostly unexplored are the roles of root hairs, leaf repellency, pit membrane porosity, xylem segmentation, wounding, lateral roots, nodes, the Casparian band, hydathodes, lenticels and trichomes. The next steps towards a realistic risk assessment of nanoparticles in plants are to measure ENM uptake rates, the size exclusion limit of the apoplast and to unravel plant physiological features favoring uptake.

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Section: Uptake Across the Cell Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endocytosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review

et al. 2015

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“…There are several ways for nanoparticles to achieve this, although such mechanisms are better studied in animal cells and less known in plants (Rico et al, 2011;Schwab et al, 2015): -Endocytosis: The nanoparticles are incorporated into the cell by invagination of the plasma membrane, originating a vesicle that can travel to different compartments of the cell (Etxeberria et al, 2006). -Pore formation: Some nanomaterials can disrupt the plasma membrane, inducing the formation of pores for crossing into the cell (Wong et al, 2016) and reaching directly the cytosol without being encapsulated in any organelle (Serag et al, 2011).…”

Section: Interaction Of Nanomaterials With Plant Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plants: What Do We Need for Real Applications in Agriculture?

Pérez‐de‐Luque

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

381

166

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The number of published researching works related with applications of nanomaterials in agriculture is increasing every year. Most of such works focus on the synthesis of nanodevices, their characteristics as nanocarriers for controlled release of active substances, and their interaction (either positive or negative) with plants or microorganisms under controlled conditions. Important knowledge has been gained about the uptake and distribution of nanomaterials in plants, although there are still gaps regarding internalization inside plant cells. Nanoparticle traits and plant species greatly affect the interaction, and nanodevices can enter and move through different pathways (apoplast vs. symplast), what influences their effectiveness and their final fate. Depending on the effect we are expecting for a nanocarrier, the application method might be critical. However, in order to get that research used in the field, some problems must be addressed. First, the cost for escalating the production of nanodevices must be affordable with the current production cost of agricultural goods. Second, we need to be sure that a technology is safe before spreading it into the environment. Third, consumers will distrust a technology unfamiliar for them in the same way that happened with transgenic crops. We need to broaden our horizons and start looking for real practical approaches, filling the main gaps that hamper our jump from laboratory research into field applications.

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“…However, compared with mammalian cells, the plant cell wall which is composed of cross-linked polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin) represents an extra barrier surrounding the cell membrane that hinders the passage of nanoparticles into plant cells. To avoid the inhibiting effects of the plant cell wall, free protoplasts (which are prepared via the removal of the cell wall using cellulase treatments) have been used previously to study the internalization of various nanoparticles (e.g., CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), polystyrene nanospheres, poly(phenylene ethynelene) nanoparticles, and carbon nanomaterials) [11][12][13]. However, protoplast-based transformation methods hold disadvantages in that the viability of the protoplasts and their ability to divide are strongly reduced by the chemicals that are applied to disorganize the cell wall.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient uptake of ultrafine mesoporous silica nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility by Liriodendron hybrid suspension cells

Xia

Dong

Zhang

et al. 2012

Sci. China Life Sci.

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The characteristics of the interactions co-cultures of ultrafine mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and the Liriodendron hybrid suspension cells were systematically investigated using laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling, the LSCM observations demonstrated that MSNs (size, 5-15 nm) with attached FITC molecules efficiently penetrated walled plant cells through endocytic pathways, but free FITC could not enter the intact plant cells. The SEM measurements indicated that MSNs readily aggregated on the surface of intact plant cells, and also directly confirmed that MSNs could enter intact plant cells; this was achieved by determining the amount of silicon present. After 24 h of incubation with 1.0 mg mL 1 of MSNs, the viability of the plant cells was analyzed using fluorescein diacetate staining; the results showed that these cells retained high viability, and no cell death was observed. Interestingly, after the incubation with MSNs, the Liriodendron hybrid suspension cells retained the capability for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. Our results indicate that ultrafine MSNs hold considerable potential as nano-carriers of extracellular molecules, and can be used to investigate in vitro gene-delivery in plant cells. Along with developments in the application of nanotechnology from animal science and medical research to plant science research, the impact of engineered nanomaterials on plant systems has attracted increasing attention, the areas including (i) the delivery of fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and exogenous genes, (ii) the improvement of the growth of plants, and (iii) nanotoxicity research for plant cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, compared with mammalian cells, the plant cell wall which is composed of cross-linked polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin) represents an extra barrier surrounding the cell membrane that hinders the passage of nanoparticles into plant cells. To avoid the inhibiting effects of the plant cell wall, free protoplasts (which are prepared via the removal of the cell wall using cellulase treatments) have been used previously to study the internalization of various nanoparticles (e.g., CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs), polystyrene nanospheres, poly(phenylene ethynelene) nanoparticles, and carbon nanomaterials) [11][12][13]. However, protoplast-based transformation methods hold disadvantages in that the viability of the protoplasts and their ability to divide are strongly reduced by the chemicals that are applied to disorganize the cell wall. For this reason, recent studies have focused on intact plant cells; it was found to that they are able to achieve endocytosis to directly internalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), CdSe/ZnS QDs, or poly (amidoamine) dendrimer from the

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Fluid Phase Endocytic Uptake of Artificial Nano-Spheres and Fluorescent Quantum Dots by Sycamore Cultured Cells

Cited by 152 publications

References 19 publications

Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review

Barriers, pathways and processes for uptake, translocation and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants – Critical review

Interaction of Nanomaterials with Plants: What Do We Need for Real Applications in Agriculture?

Highly efficient uptake of ultrafine mesoporous silica nanoparticles with excellent biocompatibility by Liriodendron hybrid suspension cells

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