Fluid Mechanics of Mixing in the Vertebrobasilar System: Comparison of Simulation and MRI

Bockman, Matthew D.; Kansagra, Akash P.; Shadden, Shawn C.; Wong, Eric C.; Marsden, Alison L.

doi:10.1007/s13239-012-0112-8

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…1, 5, 8, 11, 17, 31, 36, 44, 52 among others). In vitro validation in the thoracic aorta compared flow measurements from PCMRI in deformable phantoms to SimVascular FSI simulations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimVascular: An Open Source Pipeline for Cardiovascular Simulation

et al. 2016

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Patient-specific cardiovascular simulation has become a paradigm in cardiovascular research and is emerging as a powerful tool in basic, translational and clinical research. In this paper we discuss the recent development of a fully open-source SimVascular software package, which provides a complete pipeline from medical image data segmentation to patient-specific blood flow simulation and analysis. This package serves as a research tool for cardiovascular modeling and simulation, and has contributed to numerous advances in personalized medicine, surgical planning and medical device design. The SimVascular software has recently been refactored and expanded to enhance functionality, usability, efficiency and accuracy of image-based patient-specific modeling tools. Moreover, SimVascular previously required several licensed components that hindered new user adoption and code management and our recent developments have replaced these commercial components to create a fully open source pipeline. These developments foster advances in cardiovascular modeling research, increased collaboration, standardization of methods, and a growing developer community.

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“…1, 5, 8, 11, 17, 31, 36, 44, 52 among others). In vitro validation in the thoracic aorta compared flow measurements from PCMRI in deformable phantoms to SimVascular FSI simulations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SimVascular: An Open Source Pipeline for Cardiovascular Simulation

et al. 2016

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“…The discretization is semidiscrete, leaving integration in time handled by a generalized ␣-method (16), which is implicit, second-order accurate, and unconditionally stable. This solver has been used and validated in hundreds of peer-reviewed publications, including targeted validations of arterial blood flow modeling (2,3,18,19,20). The average mesh size was roughly 10 million tetrahedral elements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent predilections of cardiogenic embolic transport

Carr

Nemoto

Schwartz

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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While it is intuitively clear that aortic anatomy and embolus size could be important determinants for cardiogenic embolic stroke risk and stroke location, few data exist confirming or characterizing this hypothesis. The objective of this study is to use medical imaging and computational modeling to better understand if aortic anatomy and embolus size influence predilections for cardiogenic embolic transport and right vs. left hemisphere propensity. Anatomically accurate models of the human aorta and branch arteries to the head were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) angiography of 10 patients. Blood flow was modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations using a well-validated flow solver with physiologic inflow and boundary conditions. Embolic particulate was released from the aortic root and tracked through the common carotid and vertebral arteries for a range of particle sizes. Cardiogenic emboli reaching the carotid and vertebral arteries appeared to have a strong size-destination relationship that varied markedly from expectations based on blood distribution. Observed trends were robust to modeling parameters. A patient's aortic anatomy appeared to significantly influence the probability a cardiogenic particle becomes embolic to the head. Right hemisphere propensity appeared dominant for cardiogenic emboli, which has been confirmed clinically. The predilections discovered through this modeling could represent an important mechanism underlying cardiogenic embolic stroke etiology.

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“…These results are consistent with a study by Bockman et al ., where the flow and mixing in four healthy vertebrobasilarsystems were studied with CFD as well as arterial spin labeling MRI measurements. 2 For Patient 4, the effect of alternative procedures on the flow distribution among the outlets was quantified by measuring the total flow exiting through the AICAs and brainstem perforators. The results obtained for each surgical option as well as for the preoperative conditions are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,26,27 Several recent studies addressed the flow in patient-specific models of intracranial aneurysms of the posterior circulation. 2,6,27 While elucidating the hemodynamics in these lesions, previous studies excluded pontine perforators from the analyses. The typical size of the perforators is in the range of 200–300 μm, which is below the resolution of commonly employed non-invasive clinical imaging modalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling of Flow-Altering Surgeries in Basilar Aneurysms

et al. 2014

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In cases where surgeons consider different interventional options for flow alterations in the setting of pathological basilar artery hemodynamics, a virtual model demonstrating the flow fields resulting from each of these options can assist in making clinical decisions. In this study, image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were used to simulate the flow in four basilar artery aneurysms in order to evaluate postoperative hemodynamics that would result from flow-altering interventions. Patient-specific geometries were constructed using MR angiography and velocimetry data. CFD simulations carried out for the preoperative flow conditions were compared to in vivo phase-contrast MRI measurements (4DFlowMRI) acquired prior to the interventions. The models were then modified according to the procedures considered for each patient. Numerical simulations of the flow and virtual contrast transport were carried out in each case in order to assess postoperative flow fields and estimate the likelihood of intra-aneurysmal thrombus deposition following the procedures. Postoperative imaging data, when available, were used to validate computational predictions. In two cases, where the aneurysms involved vital pontine perforator arteries branching from the basilar artery, idealized geometries of these vessels were incorporated into the CFD models. The effect of interventions on the flow through the perforators was evaluated by simulating the transport of contrast in these vessels. The computational results were in close agreement with the MR imaging data. In some cases, CFD simulations could help determine which of the surgical options was likely to reduce the flow into the aneurysm while preserving the flow through the basilar trunk. The study demonstrated that image-based computational modeling can provide guidance to clinicians by indicating possible outcome complications and indicating expected success potential for ameliorating pathological aneurysmal flow, prior to a procedure.

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Fluid Mechanics of Mixing in the Vertebrobasilar System: Comparison of Simulation and MRI

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

SimVascular: An Open Source Pipeline for Cardiovascular Simulation

SimVascular: An Open Source Pipeline for Cardiovascular Simulation

Size-dependent predilections of cardiogenic embolic transport

Computational Modeling of Flow-Altering Surgeries in Basilar Aneurysms

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