Fluid Inclusion and Light Stable Isotope Study of the Climax Molybdenum Deposits, Colorado

Hall, Wayne E.; Friedman, Irving; Nash, J. Thomas

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.69.6.884

Cited by 55 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The quartzsericite-pyrite alteration assemblage, the magnetite-rich zones, the muscovite and K-feldspar as well as the molybdenite-pyrite-chalcopyrite mineralization all have parallels in Mo deposits worldwide (Wallace et al 1978, White et al 1981, Rice et al 1985, Hall et al 1974). In the Scottish Caledonides, Mo mineralization also occurs in calc-alkaline intrusives, associated with intrusive breccias and pyrite-sericite-muscovite alteration (Ellis et al 1977, Harris et al 1983) and has a widespread occurrence in granites, often associated with Cu mineralization (Gallagher et al 1971).…”

Section: Geology and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

et al. 1992

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Mo mineralization within the Galway Granite at Mace Head and Murvey, Connemara, western Ireland, has many features of classic porphyry Mo deposits including a chemically evolved I-type granite host, associated K-and Si-rich alteration, quartz vein-(Mace Head) and granite-hosted (Murvey) molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite and magnetite mineralization and a gangue assemblage which includes quartz, muscovite and K-feldspar. Most fluid inclusions in quartz veins homogenize in the range 100 350~ and have a salinity of 1 13 eq. wt.% NaC1. They display Th-salinity covariation consistent with a hypothesis of dilution of magmatic water by influx of meteoric water. CO2-bearing inclusions in an intensely mineralized vein at Mace Head provide an estimated minimum trapping temperature and pressure for the mineralizing fluid of 355 ~ and 1.2 kb and are interpreted to represent a H z O -C O 2 fluid, weakly enriched in Mo, produced in a magma chamber by decompression-activated unmixing from a dense Mo-bearing NaC1-H20-CO z fluid. 6348 values of most sulphides range from c. 0%0 at Murvey to 3 4%0 at Mace Head and are consistent with a magmatic origin. Most quartz vein samples have 6180 of 9-10.3%o and were precipitated from a hydrothermal fluid with 6180 of 4.6-6.7%o. Some have 6180 of 6-7%o and reflect introduction of meteoric water along vein margins. Quartz-muscovite oxygen isotope geothermometry combined with fluid inclusion data indicate precipitation of mineralized veins in the temperature range 360-450 ~ and between 1 and 2 kb. Whole rock granite samples display a clear 6180-6D trend towards the composition of Connemara meteoric waters. The mineralization is interpreted as having been produced by highlyfractionated granite magma; meteoric water interaction postdates the main mineralizing event. The differences between the Mace Head and Murvey mineralizations reflect trapping of migrating mineralizing fluid in structural traps at Mace Head and precipitation of mineralization in the granite itself at Murvey.

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Section: Geology and Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

et al. 1992

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“…Many hydrogen and oxygen isotopic studies have shown that the ore fluids associated with porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits are mainly from magmatic water or the mixing of magma and meteoric water to varying degrees and that in the late-mineralization stage, meteoric water may seep extensively into the hydrothermal system [27][28][29]. The D and 18 O H2O values from quartz in the Changfagou deposit are lower than those of magmatic water (−50‰ to −85‰ and 5.5‰ to 9.0‰, resp.…”

Section: Source Of the Ore-forming Fluids And Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Changfagou Deposit, Jilin Province, Northeast China

Peng

2018

Geofluids

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The Changfagou Cu deposit in Jilin province, China, is located in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton and lies at the southern end of the Lesser Xing'an Mountains-Zhanggangcailing Mountains. According to the mineral paragenetic association and its various relationships, the hydrothermal mineralization can be divided into 4 metallogenic stages from early to late: stage I is K-feldspar-quartz-magnetite, stage II is quartz-molybdenite, stage III is quartz-chalcopyrite (polymetallic sulfide), and stage IV is carbonate. Stages II and III are the main metallogenic stages. Overall, the metallogenic fluid associated with the Changfagou deposit is characterized as a F-rich CO 2 -H 2 O-NaCl hydrothermal system. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic characteristics suggest the initial ore-forming fluids of the Changfagou deposit evolved from a primitive magmatic fluid and mixed with meteoric water. The sulfur and lead isotopic characteristics show that the metallogenic material was derived from partial melting of the lower crust. Phase separation or immiscibility is the important mechanism in the precipitation of molybdenum, whereas a decrease in temperature is the important mechanism in the precipitation of copper polymetallic sulfides. The above characteristics are similar to those of the porphyry deposits related to continental environments. Compared with the deposits in the Xilamulun metallogenic belt, both have similar metallogenic ages and tectonic positions. In conclusion, the Changfagou deposit formed in an intracontinental extensional environment due to lithospheric thinning. The mineralization was related to magmatism associated with partial melting of the lower crust. The intersection of the Dunhua-Mishan fracture and Kangbao-Chifeng fracture along the northern margin of the North China Craton is a promising location for porphyry ore deposits related to a continental tectonic setting.

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“…Fluid inclusion studies suggest that Mo deposition usually occurs at temperatures between 450 and about 700 ∘ C and pressures between 100 and 170 MPa [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Furthermore, Mo is thought to be transported by low to intermediate density, supercritical aqueous fluids [52][53][54][55][56] as mononuclear hydroxy complexes [57][58][59][60][61].…”

Section: Molybdenum In Intrusion-related Hydrothermal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Solubility of Tugarinovite (MoO₂) in H₂O at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

et al. 2017

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The solubility of tugarinovite (MoO 2 ) in pure water was investigated at temperatures between 400 and 800 ∘ C and at pressures ranging between 95 and 480 MPa by using in situ synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) to separately analyze high temperature aqueous solutions in a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC). The concentration of molybdenum in the fluid at 400 and 500 ∘ C was below detection; however, at temperatures between 600 and 800 ∘ C, the solubility of tugarinovite increased with increasing temperature by two orders of magnitude. The molybdenum concentration at 600 ∘ C and 800 ∘ C is 44 ppm and 658 ppm, respectively. The results complement the data of Kudrin (1985) and provide the first measurement of MoO 2 solubility at pressure and temperature conditions comparable to intrusion-related Mo deposit formation. The data are also relevant to the study of water chemistry and corrosion product transport in supercritical-water-cooled reactors, where Mo-bearing steel alloys interact with aqueous solutions at temperatures greater than 600 ∘ C. The application of in situ SXRF to solubility measurements of sparingly soluble minerals is recommended because it circumvents analytical uncertainties inherent in determinations obtained by quenching and weight loss measurements.

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Fluid Inclusion and Light Stable Isotope Study of the Climax Molybdenum Deposits, Colorado

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Changfagou Deposit, Jilin Province, Northeast China

The Solubility of Tugarinovite (MoO₂) in H₂O at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

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Fluid Inclusion and Light Stable Isotope Study of the Climax Molybdenum Deposits, Colorado

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

Geological, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies of Mo mineralization, Galway Granite, Ireland

Fluid Inclusions and C-H-O-S-Pb Isotope Systematics of the Changfagou Deposit, Jilin Province, Northeast China

The Solubility of Tugarinovite (MoO2) in H2O at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures

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The Solubility of Tugarinovite (MoO₂) in H₂O at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures