Fluid geochemistry and geothermal anomaly along the Yushu-Ganzi-Xianshuihe fault system, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for regional seismic activity

Liu, Wei; Guan, Lufeng; Liu, Yi; Xie, Xiangang; Zhang, Maoliang; Chen, Biying; Xu, Sheng; Sano, Yuji

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127554

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Strong earthquakes may occur in the transition zone of geothermal anomalies (Liu et al, 2022). According to spatial distribution of the reservoir temperatures in the JSJFZ, the BTF coincides with the high and low temperature transition zone where the north-south segment intersects.…”

Section: Reservoir Temperature and Circulation Depthmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previous studies have focused on the source of heat and chemical characteristics of some springs in this area (Shi and wang, 2017;Tang et al, 2017;Hou et al, 2018;Tian et al, 2018Tian et al, , 2019Zhou et al, 2020a;Yi et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022). However, limited work has been reported on the relationship between the hydro-chemical characteristics of hot springs and fault activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zhou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Significant anomalous hydrogeochemical changes in hot spring water are detected during strong seismic cycles. It is now necessary to clarify the relationship between tectonic movements, earthquakes and the evolution of hot springs. In this paper, laboratory analyses of major, trace elements, δD, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr values of 28 hot spring waters in the Jinshajiang fault zone (JSJFZ) in the northwestern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block were conducted. The results showed that the primary source of water for JSJFZ hot springs was atmospheric precipitation. The geothermal reservoir temperature variation based on the silicon enthalpy mixing model ranged from 73 to 272°C. And the circulation depth range was 1.2–5.4 km. The segmentation characteristics of the 87Sr/86Sr values were related to the influence of source rocks on groundwater cycle processes. A conceptual model of the hydrologic cycle of hot springs explained the spatial distribution of earthquakes associated with tectonic movements. The Batang segment had the strongest water-rock reaction, the highest reservoir temperature and the deepest circulation depth; meanwhile, it was also an earthquake prone area. The fluid circulation of the JSJFZ corresponds well with the seismicity, which indicates that the hydrological characteristics of the hot spring water in a fracture zone play a crucial role in receiving information on seismic activity.

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Section: Reservoir Temperature and Circulation Depthmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Zhou²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…The Δ 14 C DIC value of sample MDW21 (-980‰) is basically consistent with those of the springs of Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zone, falling in the Δ 14 C DIC range of deeply-sourced carbon and carbonate components (Figure 2). Except for MDW21, the Δ 14 C DIC values of spring water samples in this study are higher than those of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe samples (-997‰ to -909‰; Xu et al, 2022), suggesting more inputs of modern organic The pCO 2 values in spring and surface waters near the Maduo surface rupture zone and the East Kunlun fault zone are at least over three times higher than the atmospheric CO 2 partial pressure (~0.0003 atm; Liu et al, 2022); and therefore, the contribution of atmospheric CO 2 to DIC in the spring and surface waters can be largely excluded. In addition, the infiltrating waters contain a mixed DIC component of atmospheric CO 2 and biospheric organic carbon in the soils, but generally have a δ 13 C value close to the organic carbon endmember (Chiodini et al, 2000).…”

Section: Identification Of Candidate Carbon Source Componentsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The data of water chemistry, δ 18 O H2O , δD H2O , and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of this sample set were reported in Lu et al (2021), but carbon isotope systematics of DIC have not been investigated, resulting in an open question about the DIC sources and carbon mobilization mechanism associated with the 2021 Maduo earthquake. Spatially, carbon sources of subsurface fluids from boundary faults of the Songpan-Ganzi block (e.g., Yushu-Ganzi-Xianshuihe fault and Longmenshan fault; Figure 1A) have been reported (e.g., Zhou et al, 2015;Tian et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2022). In contrast, the carbon source components of the Jiangcuo fault in the block interior (Figure 1B), which was ruptured by the 2021 Maduo earthquake, are still largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon mobilization in response to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake: Constraints from carbon isotope systematics of subsurface fluids

Liu

Liu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Active fault zones provide favorable channels for the discharge of carbon-bearing fluids from Earth’s interior. Earthquakes, as a common fault-related dynamic process, can disturb the circulation of subsurface fluids and their interactions with country rocks and sediments on short timescales, which may cause changes in carbon mobilization processes and carbon sources of the discharged fluids. However, quantitative research on earthquake-induced changes in carbon mobilization at deep and shallow levels remains lacking. Here, we present a quantitative study on stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) and radiocarbon values (Δ14C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in subsurface fluid samples from the surface rupture zone formed by the Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake (22 May 2021) and the East Kunlun fault, NE Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that δ13CDIC values vary from –11.6‰ to 0.1‰, while Δ13CDIC values have a range of –980‰ to –46‰. Using a mass balance model based on δ13CDIC and DIC concentrations, we calculated the proportions of source components involved in DIC, including organic carbon, carbonates, and deeply-sourced carbon. On average, waters discharging from the surface rupture zone have higher inputs from organic carbon (28.1%) than those from the East Kunlun fault (18.6%), with the latter showing higher deeply-sourced carbon contributions (45.7% vs. 30.7%). This is consistent with the lower average Δ14CDIC value (–544‰) observed from the East Kunlun fault, suggesting more inputs from carbon source components that are devoid of 14C (i.e., deeply-sourced carbon and carbonates). These findings indicate that seismic events can significantly affect the carbon mobilization processes at variable depths, especially the shallow soil organic carbon in the case of the 2021 Maduo earthquake. The potential effects of earthquake-induced changes in carbon mobilization processes should be taken into account in the modeling of tectonic carbon dioxide degassing and carbon cycle on longer timescales.

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“…Considering that both calcite veins and travertines in the fault zone are formed by fluids at depth, we can discuss the fluid sources in the study area by referring to the sources of water and CO 2 gas of thermal springs along the Xianshuihe fault (Figure 15). For the oxygen isotope, the lighter δ 18 O values of calcite veins in breccia compared to those in host rocks clearly indicate a recharge of meteoric water in the fault core (Figure 15a) (Losh, 1997), similar to the origin of water in thermal springs along the Xianshuihe fault (Liu et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2022). The possible sources of carbon dissolved in the groundwater include the mantle, metamorphic decarbonation, dissolution of carbonate minerals, decomposition of organic matter in soil, and atmospheric CO 2 (e.g., Chiodini et al, 2000).…”

Section: Source Of Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Fluid Influx Promotes Local Strengthening of the Creeping Xianshuihe Fault, Eastern Tibet

Chevalier

et al. 2023

JGR Solid Earth

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Fluid geochemistry and geothermal anomaly along the Yushu-Ganzi-Xianshuihe fault system, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for regional seismic activity

Cited by 27 publications

References 67 publications

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Relationship between hydrogeochemical characteristics of hot springs and seismic activity in the Jinshajiang fault zone, Southeast Tibetan Plateau

Carbon mobilization in response to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake: Constraints from carbon isotope systematics of subsurface fluids

Fluid Influx Promotes Local Strengthening of the Creeping Xianshuihe Fault, Eastern Tibet

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