Fluid elemental and stable isotope composition of the Nibelungen hydrothermal field (8°18′S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Constraints on fluid–rock interaction in heterogeneous lithosphere

Schmidt, Katja; Garbe‐Schönberg, Dieter; Koschinsky, Andrea; Strauß, Harald; Jost, Cristiane Luisa; Klevenz, Verena; Königer, P.

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.008

Cited by 84 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…2F) and the main Irina II complex (Fig. The Nibelungen fluid composition reflects ultramafic signatures with some influence of reactions with gabbroic rocks (Schmidt et al, 2011), which is comparable with that at Logatchev. The Nibelungen vent field is also located off-axis, approximately 6 km south of a non-transform offset between two adjacent ridge segments and 9 km east of the presently active ridge segment, and is related to a prominent eastward-facing fault scarp (Melchert et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Linking geology, fluid chemistry, and microbial activity of basalt‐ and ultramafic‐hosted deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments

et al. 2013

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Hydrothermal fluids passing through basaltic rocks along mid-ocean ridges are known to be enriched in sulfide, while those circulating through ultramafic mantle rocks are typically elevated in hydrogen. Therefore, it has been estimated that the maximum energy in basalt-hosted systems is available through sulfide oxidation and in ultramafic-hosted systems through hydrogen oxidation. Furthermore, thermodynamic models suggest that the greatest biomass potential arises from sulfide oxidation in basalt-hosted and from hydrogen oxidation in ultramafic-hosted systems. We tested these predictions by measuring biological sulfide and hydrogen removal and subsequent autotrophic CO2 fixation in chemically distinct hydrothermal fluids from basalt-hosted and ultramafic-hosted vents. We found a large potential of microbial hydrogen oxidation in naturally hydrogen-rich (ultramafic-hosted) but also in naturally hydrogen-poor (basalt-hosted) hydrothermal fluids. Moreover, hydrogen oxidation-based primary production proved to be highly attractive under our incubation conditions regardless whether hydrothermal fluids from ultramafic-hosted or basalt-hosted sites were used. Site-specific hydrogen and sulfide availability alone did not appear to determine whether hydrogen or sulfide oxidation provides the energy for primary production by the free-living microbes in the tested hydrothermal fluids. This suggests that more complex features (e.g., a combination of oxygen, temperature, biological interactions) may play a role for determining which energy source is preferably used in chemically distinct hydrothermal vent biotopes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Linking geology, fluid chemistry, and microbial activity of basalt‐ and ultramafic‐hosted deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments

et al. 2013

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“…The reason for this is that the total Cu and Zn fluid concentration is dominated by the particulate phase already at low mixing ratios of vent fluid with seawater. In contrast, only a small fraction of the total Fe content of the fluid is precipitated (mostly <10%, Schmidt et al [2011] compare fluid composition of filtered and non‐filtered samples from the Logatchev I vent field). Moreover, the fraction of Fe precipitating increases with fluid dilution by seawater (Figure 3), which is counteracting a positive correlation between particle and fluid concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is, however, a major difference in the Mo content of the smoke particles between Logatchev I and 5°S, with higher concentrations in 5°S particles (average 50 nM) and lower in Logatchev I (mostly between 8 and 20 nM, or often below detection limit). This might be related to higher fluid concentrations of Mo at 5°S (end‐member concentrations of 32–62 nM at Turtle Pits (K. Schmidt, unpublished data, 2006, 2008; V. Klevenz, unpublished data, 2009)) compared to those at Logatchev I (calculated end‐member concentrations of 0–6 nM [ Schmidt et al , 2011]) which can likely be attributed to the very high fluid temperature during venting at Turtle Pits (∼400°C), increasing the solubility of Mo [ Rempel et al , 2006]. The Mo content in the mixed fluid at Logatchev I can be ascribed mainly to seawater, which contains high concentrations of Mo (119 nM [ Schmidt et al , 2011]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compositional data of the hydrothermal fluid samples used for this study are partly reported in previous publications [ Schmidt et al , 2010, 2011] or were obtained during this study and were used for the calculation of partition coefficients. Analytical details and information about reference materials, precision and accuracy are given by Schmidt et al [2011].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of vent fluid particles formed during initial hydrothermal fluid-seawater mixing along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Klevenz

Bach

Schmidt

et al. 2011

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] We present geochemical data of black smoker particulates filtered from hydrothermal fluids with seawaterdilutions ranging from 0-99%. Results indicate the dominance of sulphide minerals (Fe, Cu, and Zn sulphides) in all samples taken at different hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Pronounced differences in the geochemistry of the particles between Logatchev I and 5°S hydrothermal fields could be attributed to differences in fluid chemistry. Lower metal/sulphur ratios (Me/H 2 S < 1) compared to Logatchev I result in a larger amount of particles precipitated per liter fluid and the occurrence of elemental sulphur at 5°S, while at Logatchev I Fe oxides occur in larger amounts. Systematic trends with dilution degree of the fluid include the precipitation of large amounts of Cu sulphides at a low dilution and a pronounced drop with increasing dilution. Moreover, Fe (sulphides or oxides) precipitation increases with dilution of the vent fluid by seawater. Geochemical reaction path modeling of hydrothermal fluid-seawater mixing and conductive cooling indicates that Cu sulphide formation at Logatchev I and 5°S mainly occurs at high temperatures and low dilution of the hydrothermal fluid by seawater. Iron precipitation is enhanced at higher fluid dilution, and the different amounts of minerals forming at 5°S and Logatchev I are thermodynamically controlled. Larger total amounts of minerals and larger amounts of sulphide precipitate during the mixing path when compared to the cooling path. Differences between model and field observations do occur and are attributable to closed system modeling, to kinetic influences and possibly to organic constituents of the hydrothermal fluids not accounted for by the model.

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“…Ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems are widespread ranging from the mid-ocean ridges such as Rainbow (Charlou et al, 1998 and Logatchev Douville et al, 2002;Schmidt et al, 2007) in the MidAtlantic Ridge and Kairei in the Central Indian Ridge (Nakamura et al, 2009); to off-axis of the ridges, such as at Lost City (Kelley et al, 2001(Kelley et al, , 2005 and Nibelungen (Schmidt et al, 2011); to the forearc, such as the Oman ophiolite (Neal and Stanger, 1983) and the Marian forearc (Mottl et al, 2003). Similar settings also exist in Precambrian ultramafic rocks such as the green belts in the Canadian and Fennoscandian Shields and South Africa .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium stability and nitrogen isotope fractionations for –NH3(aq)–NH3(gas) systems at 20–70°C and pH of 2–13: Applications to habitability and nitrogen cycling in low-temperature hydrothermal systems

Lollar

et al. 2012

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

126

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Fluid elemental and stable isotope composition of the Nibelungen hydrothermal field (8°18′S, Mid-Atlantic Ridge): Constraints on fluid–rock interaction in heterogeneous lithosphere

Cited by 84 publications

References 100 publications

Linking geology, fluid chemistry, and microbial activity of basalt‐ and ultramafic‐hosted deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments

Linking geology, fluid chemistry, and microbial activity of basalt‐ and ultramafic‐hosted deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments

Geochemistry of vent fluid particles formed during initial hydrothermal fluid-seawater mixing along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Ammonium stability and nitrogen isotope fractionations for –NH3(aq)–NH3(gas) systems at 20–70°C and pH of 2–13: Applications to habitability and nitrogen cycling in low-temperature hydrothermal systems

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