Fluid dynamics of the left ventricular filling in dilated cardiomyopathy

Baccani, Bernardo; Domenichini, Federico; Pedrizzetti, Gianni; Tonti, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(02)00005-2

Cited by 86 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The mathematical model outlined in the previous section has been solved using a numerical method (Baccani et al, 2002 ;and references therein). In what follows the results obtained in b the axisymmetric approximation are reported; the equations (4.4) are simplified accordingly to this assumption.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptoms of the dilated cardiomyopathy are reproduced in a schematic manner, varying the dimensions of the ventricle at the beginning of the diastole: a more dilated ventricle corresponds to a more severe pathology. During the diastole, the ventricle walls are thus subjected to a decreasing motion, being the system forced by the same temporal variation of the volume (Baccani et al, 2002 ). A typical Reynolds number is a V/ oe #Þ& ‚ "!…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the wake elongates well inside of the chamber before to induce a significant separation, Figure 4.3 , and to finally detach from the valvular plane forming a more intense free vortex, d Figure 4.3 . Such a behaviour has been found to be emphasised at growing pathology: a more f dilated ventricle tends to inhibit the vortex-wall interaction, the wake remains attached to the mitral plane for longer periods, elongating further inside the ventricular chamber (Baccani et al, 2002 ). a A different view of the phenomenon can be given by the space-time maps of the axial velocity computed along the symmetry axis of the ventricle, which resembles the echo-Doppler M-mode images; these are reported in Figure 4.4 for the healthy case and for various degrees of the dilated cardiomyopathy.…”

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( ) coordinate curves. Details about the complete mathematical formulation can be found in (Baccani et al, 2002 ). For three-dimensional solutions, a spectral representation of the ab variables in the -direction is employed to reduce the 3D problem into a series of 2D ones that ) are coupled by the nonlinear terms of the equation (4.4).…”

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intriguing aspect of the left heart dynamics is the hypothesised occurrence of diastolic vortices within the ventricular chamber. Their presence and properties have been analyzed in theoretical (Reul et al, 1981;Wieting & Stripling, 1984), experimental (Steen & Steen, 1994), and numerical models (Vierendeels et al, 2000;Baccani et al, 2002 ), and introduced also in medical observations (Kim et al, 1994;Kim et al, 1995;ab Kilner et al, 2000). The presence of vorticity makes the fluid dynamics approach relevant for the understanding of the possible patterns and their relation with the mechanical properties of the surrounding tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid Flow inside Deformable Vessels and in the Left Ventricle

Pedrizzetti

Domenichini

2003

Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics

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Abstract. Topics regarding flow inside deformable domains are here considered either for artery and ventricle flows. The theory of finite elasticity is summarised in a perspective of application to fluid-tissue interaction problems. The formulation of a coupled fluid tissue problem is discussed. A linearized technique is then introduced as a model for wall elasticity in artery flow. This simplification transforms the coupled fluid-wall system into a cascade of uncoupled systems on a fixed domain. Computational examples are given in axisymmetric problems, for both finite and infinitesimal deformation cases, to show resonance and stability features of the interactive dynamics. The heart dynamics and the major ventricular diseases are briefly summarised in a mechanical perspective. The formulation of the flow in a model left ventricle is given, and numerical solutions for flow during the left ventricle filling (diastole) is studied and analysed in terms of vorticity dynamics. Results are also presented in relation to the physical phenomena observed in the clinical practice. In connection with this the mitral valve modelling is also introduced.

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Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mathematical Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fluid Flow inside Deformable Vessels and in the Left Ventricle

Pedrizzetti

Domenichini

2003

Cardiovascular Fluid Mechanics

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Effects of flow vortex on a chorded mitral valve in the left ventricle

Yin

Luo

Wang

et al. 2009

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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SUMMARYAn Immersed Boundary fluid-structure interaction model is developed to investigate the dynamic behaviour of a prosthetic chorded mitral valve (MV) inside the left ventricle (LV). In order to simulate more realistic physiological flow conditions, in vivo magnetic resonance images of the LV are used to determine the anatomical structure and the motion of the LV. The LV geometry and its motion are incorporated into the dynamic MV model. This model allows us to investigate the influences of the flow vortex generated by the LV motion on the MV dynamics, as well as the impact of the motion of the chordae attachment points (CAPs). Results are compared with two other cases: (i) an LV model with no prescribed motion of the CAPs, (ii) a Tube model in which the LV is replaced by a tube, although the motion of the chordae is incorporated. These special cases enable the influence of the chordae motion and the vortex on the behaviour of the MV to be analysed independently. It is found that when the MV is placed inside a dynamic LV, the chordae and the valve stretch are significantly increased in the commissural region, and the flow field is strongly asymmetric, with a clockwise single vortex appearing after the early rapid filling phase of the diastole. Given that we impose a flow rate boundary condition, the reverse pressure gradient cannot be established and, hence, the valve does not close properly. Clearly, the presence of the flow vortex alone is not strong enough to aid the valve closure.

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Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method applied to pulsatile flow inside a rigid two‐dimensional model of left heart cavity

Shahriari

Kadem

Rogers

et al. 2012

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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This paper aims to extend the application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), a meshfree particle method, to simulate flow inside a model of the heart's left ventricle (LV). This work is considered the first attempt to simulate flow inside a heart cavity using a meshfree particle method. Simulating this kind of flow, characterized by high pulsatility and moderate Reynolds number using SPH is challenging. As a consequence, validation of the computational code using benchmark cases is required prior to simulating the flow inside a model of the LV. In this work, this is accomplished by simulating an unsteady oscillating flow (pressure amplitude: A = 2500 N ∕ m(3) and Womersley number: W(o) = 16) and the steady lid-driven cavity flow (Re = 3200, 5000). The results are compared against analytical solutions and reference data to assess convergence. Then, both benchmark cases are combined and a pulsatile jet in a cavity is simulated and the results are compared with the finite volume method. Here, an approach to deal with inflow and outflow boundary conditions is introduced. Finally, pulsatile inlet flow in a rigid model of the LV is simulated. The results demonstrate the ability of SPH to model complex cardiovascular flows and to track the history of fluid properties. Some interesting features of SPH are also demonstrated in this study, including the relation between particle resolution and sound speed to control compressibility effects and also order of convergence in SPH simulations, which is consistently demonstrated to be between first-order and second-order at the moderate Reynolds numbers investigated.

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Fluid dynamics of the left ventricular filling in dilated cardiomyopathy

Cited by 86 publications

References 21 publications

Fluid Flow inside Deformable Vessels and in the Left Ventricle

Fluid Flow inside Deformable Vessels and in the Left Ventricle

Effects of flow vortex on a chorded mitral valve in the left ventricle

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics method applied to pulsatile flow inside a rigid two‐dimensional model of left heart cavity

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