Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecology—from Molecules to Ecosystems

Koch, Evamaría W.; Ackerman, Josef Daniel; Verduin, Jennifer; Keulen, M. van

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-2983-7_8

Cited by 110 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…Literature on the biomechanics of seagrasses is scarce (but see Patterson et al 2001;Koch et al 2006;Fonseca et al 2007), but a large amount of research has been done on seaweeds (marine macroalgae, Gaylord and Denny 1997;Okubo et al 2002;Denny and Gaylord 2002). Macroalgal species that resemble in their morphology aquatic angiosperms by consisting of a stipe (analogous to a stem) and blades (analogous to leafs) are of particular interest for such a comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, reconfiguration can also be dynamic in the form of organized (e.g. monami, Ackerman and Okubo 1993;Koch et al 2006) or disorganized plant motion that may alter drag forces, mixing, and photosynthetic activity due to a decrease in self-shading and an increase in gas exchange (Koehl and Alberte 1988;Nepf 1999;Nikora 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…on aquatic plants are still rare. The main focus has been on marine plant species, especially seagrasses (Patterson et al 2001;Koch et al 2006;Davies et al 2007) and macroalgae (Delf 1932;Harder et al 2006;Mach et al 2007a). Sufficient work has been undertaken and two alternative biomechanical strategies have been identified; organisms in intertidal zones resist high forces of incoming waves either through a 'strong and rigid' or a 'flexible and extensible' strategy (Koehl 1979(Koehl , 1984Gaylord and Denny 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical properties of aquatic plants and their effects on plant–flow interactions in streams and rivers

et al. 2011

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We analysed the biomechanical properties of aquatic plant stems of four common submerged river macrophyte species with bending, tension and cyclic loading/ unloading tests and related these properties to the hydraulic habitats of the plants. The studied species included Glyceria fluitans, Ranunculus penicillatus, Myriophyllum alterniflorum and Fontinalis antipyretica. Habitat assessment shows that these species occur in a range from low to high flow velocities, respectively. G. fluitans is a semi-aquatic species with stems of a high flexural rigidity and high breaking force and breaking stress that enable them to carry their own weight and balance gravity when growing upright in slow flowing rivers. G. fluitans may also grow horizontally often producing emerged terrestrial stems. In contrast, F. antipyretica grows in fierce water flow. Its stems have the highest flexibility, a significantly higher 'tension' Young's modulus, breaking stress and work of fracture and a lower plastic deformation compared to M. alterniflorum and R. penicillatus. These traits enable F. antipyretica to survive even in swift flowing streams and constrict the growth of M. alterniflorum and R. penicillatus to the river reaches with moderate flow velocities. R. penicillatus has a weak bottom part with a low breaking force and breaking stress acting as a predetermined breaking point and enabling seasonal regrowth from root parts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomechanical properties of aquatic plants and their effects on plant–flow interactions in streams and rivers

et al. 2011

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“…The studied seagrass bed in Futtsu tidal flat is subject to intense physical disturbance caused by wave exposure and sand drift (Yamakita et al 2005). In seagrass beds, the presence of the neighboring vegetation can attenuate burial and the erosion of sediment (Komatsu et al 2004;Koch et al 2006), which contributes to the lower proportion of the decreasing process with increasing neighbor vegetation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scale dependency in seagrass dynamics: how does the neighboring effect vary with grain of observation?

Yamakita

Nakaoka

2008

Population Ecology

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Although the importance of spatial scale in ecology has been increasingly recognized, the effects on ecological processes of changing the grain size of the observation have rarely been tested for empirical populations. A seagrass bed is an ideal system to study scaledependency because it occurs in two-dimensional shallow soft-bottoms and can be monitored on a broader scale by using remote-sensing techniques. To investigate the grain dependency of seagrass spatial dynamics, we analyzed the effect of neighboring vegetation on the annual transition between vegetated and unvegetated states in a seagrass meadow in Futtsu, Tokyo Bay. The presence or absence of seagrass vegetation was observed at different grains from aerial photographs taken annually over 17 years. We detected the presence of a neighboring effect both in the increasing process (transition from the unvegetated to the vegetated state) and the decreasing process (vice versa) of vegetation. In the increasing process, the intensity of the neighboring effect was positive with the small grain, but the effect decreased to 0 with grain of ca. 20 m. In the decreasing process, the neighboring effect was negative with the small grain and increased to 0 with grain of ca. 30 m. The observed grain dependency in the neighboring effects also varied among different positions of the bed and among different years. The grain dependency in the increasing process cannot solely be explained by shoot elongation of the seagrass, which can cause positive neighboring effects only at small grain (B6 m). The neighboring effect at the greater grain can be regarded as an emergent property.

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“…This result could be explained by the diverse conditions that Posidonia offers for the success of epiphytic species: (i) the amount of physical structure usable as living space, as Posidonia provides both a shading effect and high microhabitat diversity because of its large leaf areas (Kikuchi and Pérès 1977); (ii) coexistence of Posidonia seagrass material, dead or alive, suspended particulate organic matter and leaf epiphytes as potential food sources within the ecosystem (Dauby 1989); (iii) protection from predators thanks to a dense rhizome mat; and (iv) the reduction of hydrodynamic forces (Lewis 1984). The P. oceanica canopy tends to mitigate currents and waves, thereby reducing the forces exerted on individual shoots (Koch et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability patterns of epibenthic microalgae in eastern Tunisian coasts

et al. 2017

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Summary: Epiphytic microalgae were monitored on various substrates of seagrass and macroalgae and in the water column for one year (from March 2013 to March 2014) in Oued Lafrann along the eastern coast of Chebba (Tunisia) with a focus on the distribution patterns of the epibenthic toxic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. Microalgae assemblages were dominated by diatoms and dinoflagellates both in the water column and on vegetation. High concentrations of epiphytic toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates were preferentially hosted by Posidonia leaves, mainly in the apical and middle regions of the leaves, and P. lima was the dominant species. A significant positive correlation was found between P. lima concentrations on Posidonia and in the water column, suggesting that macrophytes should be sampled in the framework of harmful algal species monitoring. Ostreopsis cf. ovata, exhibited low concentrations and was mainly present on the inner surface of the Posidonia leaf, whereas P. lima was mainly present on the outer surface of the leaf, suggesting a likely space competition.Keywords: Prorocentrum lima; Ostreopsis cf. ovata; Coolia monotis; Prorocentrum micans; magnoliophytes; macroalgae. Patrones de variabilidad de las microalgas epibentónicas en la costa este tunecinaResumen: Las microalgas epifitas fueron monitorizadas en varios sustratos de praderas marinas, macroalgas y en la columna de agua durante un año (de marzo 2013 hasta marzo 2014) en Oued Lafrann, en la costa este de Chebba (Túnez), con especial atención a la distribución de dinoflagelados tóxicos epibénicos, como Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima y Coolia monotis. Las comunidades de microalgas estaban dominadas por diatomeas y dinoflagelados, tanto en la columna de agua como en la vegetación. Se encontraron elevadas concentraciones de dinoflagelados epífitos tóxicos preferentemente en las hojas de Posidonia, principalmente en las regiones apicales y media y Prorocentrum lima fue la especie epífita dominante. Se observó una correlación positiva significativa entre las concentraciones de P. lima en Posidonia y en la columna de agua, lo que sugiere el muestreo de esta macrófita como parte de la monitorización de especies nocivas. Las células de Ostreopsis cf. ovata mostraron concentraciones bajas y se encontraron principalmente en la superficie interior de la hoja de Posidonia contrariamente a la distribución de P. lima presente principalmente en la superficie exterior de la lámina. Este hecho probablemente sugiere una competencia espacial entre los dos microalgas tóxicas.

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Fluid Dynamics in Seagrass Ecology—from Molecules to Ecosystems

Cited by 110 publications

References 177 publications

Biomechanical properties of aquatic plants and their effects on plant–flow interactions in streams and rivers

Biomechanical properties of aquatic plants and their effects on plant–flow interactions in streams and rivers

Scale dependency in seagrass dynamics: how does the neighboring effect vary with grain of observation?

Variability patterns of epibenthic microalgae in eastern Tunisian coasts

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