Fluence Threshold Behaviour on Ablation and Bubble Formation in Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids

Reich, Stefan; Schönfeld, Patrick; Letzel, Alexander; Kohsakowski, Sebastian; Olbinado, Margie P.; Gökce, Bilal; Barcikowski, Stephan; Plech, Anton

doi:10.1002/cphc.201601198

Cited by 46 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…For a short time after starting the irradiation the produced particle mass increases linearly with the exposure time. After around 30 to 40 seconds the slope decreases due to a shielding effect of the pre‐existing particles in suspension for both conditions . After switching the laser off after 90 seconds, the particles tend to diffuse homogeneously across the chamber volume, such that a mass decrease at the investigation position is observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The horizontal beam path ensured that permanent‐gas bubbles quickly leave the interaction area. The target was placed at a distance slightly shorter than the focal length for optimal ablation efficiency . The laser path in water was 35 mm long.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence on subsequent processes during PLAL, such as the transient cavitation bubble or plasma ignition, has not been fully addressed yet. In general, in nanosecond PLAL, the ablation efficiency was found to scale with the input fluence concomitantly with the bubble size above a certain fluence threshold . At low fluence the energy is deposited into the substrate and dissipated partly via thermal conduction, while at high fluence the laser‐ignited plasma is amplified due to direct light absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At low fluence the energy is deposited into the substrate and dissipated partly via thermal conduction, while at high fluence the laser‐ignited plasma is amplified due to direct light absorption. In this regime the ablation efficiency and the damaged spot area scale linearly with the fluence ,. While general threshold fluences for ablation are described,, a significant part of the individual variability is caused by the (varying) optical properties and crater depth of the target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incubation Effect of Pre‐Irradiation on Bubble Formation and Ablation in Laser Ablation in Liquids

et al. 2019

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Pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) is a multi‐scale process, which is widely studied either in batch ablation with prolonged target irradiation as well as mechanistic investigations, in a defined (single‐shot) process. However, fundamental studies on defined pulse series are rare. We have investigated the effect of a developing rough morphology of the target surface on the PLAL process with nanosecond pulses and, partially, picosecond pulses. At low fluence the cavitation bubble growth as well as the ablation yield depend on the irradiation history of the target. The bubble size increases with repeated irradiation on one spot for the first 2–30 pulses as well as with the applied dose. This is discussed within the framework of incubation effects. Incubation is found to be important, resulting in a bubble volume increase by a factor of six or more between pristine and corrugated targets. The target surface, changing from smooth to corrugated, induces a more efficient localization of laser energy at the solid‐liquid interface. This is accompanied by a suppressed reflectivity and more efficient coupling of energy into the laser‐induced plasma. Thus, the cavitation bubble size increases as well as ablation being enhanced. At high fluence, such incubation is masked by the rapid development of surface damage within the first shots, which eventually would lead to a reduction of bubble sizes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incubation Effect of Pre‐Irradiation on Bubble Formation and Ablation in Laser Ablation in Liquids

et al. 2019

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“…As shown in Figure 6b,ananoparticle productivity of approximately 550 mg h À1 is required to reach the break-even point. Besides the variation of laser parameters, [29,40,41] such as pulse energy,l aser wavelength, pulse widthsa nd repetition rate, the target geometry can be optimized from thin gold foils to wires [42,43,44] as well as reconstruction of the batch ablation chamber to ac ontinuously workingf low chamber. Hence, althoughi nvestment costs for high powerl aser sources are quite high, an economic production of laser-generated nanoparticles is feasible by an increaseo fnanoparticle productivities to 550 mg h À1 in particulara tc ontinuouso peration.…”

Section: Cost Calculation Of Colloidal Gold Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

How Size Determines the Value of Gold: Economic Aspects of Wet Chemical and Laser‐Based Metal Colloid Synthesis

et al. 2017

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Gold is one of the most valuable materials, and its monetary value is enhanced by size reduction from bullions to colloidal nanoparticles by a factor of 450. Wet-chemical reduction with subsequent centrifugation and pulsed laser ablation in liquids are frequently used for pure colloidal gold synthesis. Both methods provide similar physicochemical nanoparticle properties, but are very different synthesis techniques. However, the costs inherent to these methods are surprisingly seldom discussed. Both methods have in common that the labor effort poses the majority of synthesis costs. Besides an increase in batch size and mass concentration, especially an increase of the nanoparticle productivity via higher laser power and centrifugation capacity reduces synthesis costs if pilot- or industrial-scale applications are intended. In this case, laser-based synthesis is more economical if its productivity exceeds a break-even value of 550 mg h , where the costs arising are limited by the metal costs. In contrast to industrial scale production, wet-chemical synthesis is more feasible for laboratory-scale applications, especially if the advantageous nanoparticle properties provided by laser ablation in liquids are not needed.

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Laser Irradiation of Metal Oxide Films and Nanostructures: Applications and Advances

et al. 2018

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Recent technological advances in developing a diverse range of lasers have opened new avenues in material processing. Laser processing of materials involves their exposure to rapid and localized energy, which creates conditions of electronic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium. The laser-induced heat can be localized in space and time, enabling excellent control over the manipulation of materials. Metal oxides are of significant interest for applications ranging from microelectronics to medicine. Numerous studies have investigated the synthesis, manipulation, and patterning of metal oxide films and nanostructures. Besides providing a brief overview on the principles governing the laser-material interactions, here, the ongoing efforts in laser irradiation of metal oxide films and nanostructures for a variety of applications are reviewed. Latest advances in laser-assisted processing of metal oxides are summarized.

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Fluence Threshold Behaviour on Ablation and Bubble Formation in Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Incubation Effect of Pre‐Irradiation on Bubble Formation and Ablation in Laser Ablation in Liquids

Incubation Effect of Pre‐Irradiation on Bubble Formation and Ablation in Laser Ablation in Liquids

How Size Determines the Value of Gold: Economic Aspects of Wet Chemical and Laser‐Based Metal Colloid Synthesis

Laser Irradiation of Metal Oxide Films and Nanostructures: Applications and Advances

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