Fluence-related risk coefficients using the Harderian gland data as an example

Monte Carlo transport model comparison with 1A GeV accelerated iron experiment: heavy-ion shielding evaluation of NASA space flight-crew foodstuff

“…An ordered pair was created for the fluence ratio of each charge Z with a y-value equal to the predicted fluence and an x-value equal to the experimental fluence. If the model and experiment were in complete agreement the plot of all Z ordered pairs would result in a linear curve with slope of one and intercept equal to zero (Curtis et al, 1992). This represents the line of"best fit".…”

“…A fragment fluence spectnml is measured to characterize the field. -This fluence spectrum is used to interpret biological results (Curtis et al, 1992) and form an understanding of nuclear transport of ions in various materials. .…”

Modeling human risk: Cell & molecular biology in context

“…These results suggest that while the relative risk method may be valid in general, it can not be automatically assumed to be true for all tissues. Curtis et al (1992Curtis et al ( , 1995 and Curtis (1993) have suggested that a system based on fluence rather than dose should be used, where fluence is defined as the risk cross section, or the probability per unit fluence of producing a specific risk. In the case of any type of cancer, the cross section is the slope of the response curve (induction of the excess cancers) plotted as a function of fluence.…”

“…For HZE particles, Curtis et al (1992Curtis et al ( , 1993Curtis et al ( and 1995, have suggested that instead of a response curve based on dose, one should develop one based on fluence. This then allows one to use the concept of risk cross section which is the probability per unit fluence of producing a specific risk.…”

Relating Space Radiation Environments to Risk Estimates

“…We now formally introduce the concept of a fluence-based risk coefficient (Curtis et al, 1991). It is defined as the risk per unit fluence so that the product of it and the fluence of a particular particle species yields the risk, for instance, the excess relative risk of cancer mortality, caused by that fluence.…”