Flue-gas desulfurization products and other air emissions controls

Ladwig, Ken; Blythe, G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100945-1.00003-4

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the daily weight change after FGD sludge was left opened at room temperature, while table 2 shows the weight loss rate value of the sludge after being left opened at room temperature. The rate of weight loss of FGD sludge was calculated using equation (1). The weight of FGD sludge decreases as it was left open was due to the loss of moisture/water.…”

Section: Chemical Properties Of Fgd Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…FGD sludge is a synthetic by-product generated from the FGD process in power plants. It is a commonlyused method for eliminating SO2 in wet scrubbing by spraying a polluted gas stream with limestone to lessen the emission of pollutants, thereby generating waste called FGD sludge waste powder [1]. FGD waste is primarily composed of SO2 and other flue gas found at waste incineration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

Othman

Banjuraizah

Khor

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is a waste incineration process used to eliminate sulfur dioxide (SO2) from flue gas power plants. Limestone/gypsum was injected into the plant to trap sulfur dioxide and change their chemical composition from calcium carbonate to calcium sulfate dehydrate, known as FGD sludge wet scrubber. Nowadays, it is necessary to overcome the environmental pollution caused by the massive production of FGD sludge waste through recycling. In this research, FGD sludge was characterised to reveal its chemical composition, crystalline phase, and FTIR spectra characteristics. FGD sludge recorded a moderate alkaline with a pH of 8.24. Based on the XRD result, FGD sludge was mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4). XRF analysis also shows that FGD sludge was mainly composed of calcium oxide, sulfur trioxide, silica, and potassium oxide.

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Section: Chemical Properties Of Fgd Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

Othman

Banjuraizah

Khor

et al. 2021

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“… 1 − 3 In the current fuel gas purification system, the limestone gypsum wet desulfurization technique is widely used as an efficient and stable method for removing SO 2 from coal-fired fuel gas. 4 The main byproduct of wet limestone fuel gas desulfurization, fuel gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, has drawn increasing attention due to its increasing annual production. It is reported that the annual production of FGD gypsum in China has been up to 70 million tons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separating Sulfur from Fuel Gas Desulfurization Gypsum with an Oxalic Acid Solution

et al. 2020

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The separation of sulfur from the wet limestone fuel gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum using oxalic acid solution was studied. Optimal separation conditions and a separation mechanism of sulfur were investigated. The obtained results indicate that the sulfur in FGD gypsum can be separated efficiently by oxalic acid solution. When separating under the optimal experimental conditions of 0.3 mol/L oxalic acid solution, 30 °C, and a 5/150 g/mL solid to liquid ratio for 8 min, the separation rate reached 97.0 wt %. Besides, the Avrami equation is more suitable for the kinetic analysis of the sulfur separation reaction than the unreacted shrinking core model. When the reaction temperature is less than or equal to 20 °C, the mechanism of the sulfur separation process is chemical-reaction-controlled; otherwise, it is diffusion-controlled. The activation energy E a of the sulfur separation reaction is 34.84 kJ/mol. During the separation process, the pH of the solution gradually decreased due to the conversion of oxalic acid to sulfuric acid, so the liquid obtained after the sulfur separation of FGD gypsum can be recycled as industrial sulfuric acid. Nearly 1 mol of sulfuric acid can be obtained for every mole of oxalic acid consumption.

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“…The inputs of the feedforward link are three state variables, which are , and . Its output is superimposed on the speed output of the variable frequency rolling mill [5][6][7]. Among them, the performance measurement, which is based on the relationship between input and output, uses the language rules to describe the query table established and uses genetic algorithms to optimize the table of performance measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Feedforward-Fuzzy Adaptive Control in the Control of Adsorption Tower of Dry Desulfurization

Wang¹,

Shengpeng²,

Wang³

2017

Topics in Intelligent Computing and Industry Design (ICID)

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Flue gas purification of a domestic steel mill using activated carbon desulfurization process. Among them, the flue gas treatment method of the adsorption tower is filled with activated carbon and flue gas permeated and adsorbed, which is an important part of the desulfurization effect. The variables in the tower are complicated, non-linear, timevarying, coupled, and lagging behind in the control process Inertial characteristics, the controller construction and control of the results posed a serious challenge. This paper first analyzes the environmental variables in the tower and proposes an adaptive fuzzy control scheme. The experimental results show that the flue gas purification effect has been significantly improved. IntroductionAs a recyclable and reusable adsorbent, activated carbon has attracted more and more attention in the field of flue gas desulfurization. The control of adsorption tower is a typical nonlinear, time-varying, large interference system [1]. The difficulty of system modeling and the uncertainties of many factors make the optimal control in the classical control theory and modern control theory difficult to apply, while fuzzy control is suitable for the control of such processes [2]. THE CONTROL PARAMETERS OF DESULFURIZATION TOWERAdsorption of activated carbon in the adsorption tower is divided into chemical adsorption and physical adsorption processes, and the result of the physical and chemical reactions together [3]. The main parameters in the control process are as follows: Flue gas flow into the desulfurization tower (CFM), flue gas temperature (℃), SO2 concentration (mg/m 3 ), NH3 air inflow QNH3(m 3 /h). The difficulties of control are:a. There is a serious coupling relationship between the flue gas flow and the temperature in the flue gas system. Under normal circumstances, when the flow rate of flue and gas is insufficient, the temperature will also be reduced accordingly. However, the pouring of cold air will cause drastic temperature changes;b. The chemical adsorption of activated carbon is a typical exothermic reaction, the instability of the reaction environment makes the reaction depth of activated carbon in chemical adsorption difficult to guarantee;c. The adsorption tower is a large-volume reaction tank, and the residence time of the activated carbon in the adsorption tower is long. The lag of control effect makes it easy to overshoot control curve whether adjusting the amount of NH3 gas or the moving speed of the activated carbon;d. There are many factors that affect the control effect, but the data that can be measured directly are limited. Many processes that affect the adsorption effect, such as the saturation of activated carbon, are difficult to be collected directly. CONTROL ALGORITHM DESIGNCompared to ordinary fuzzy control, adaptive fuzzy control is divided into two basic modules: common fuzzy control level and the adaptive correction level composed of the performance measurement, control of the correction amount and rules correction [4]. This paper adopts...

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Flue-gas desulfurization products and other air emissions controls

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

Characterisation Of FGD Sludge From One of Glass Industrial in Malaysia and Their Potential as Ceramic Mould

Separating Sulfur from Fuel Gas Desulfurization Gypsum with an Oxalic Acid Solution

Application of Feedforward-Fuzzy Adaptive Control in the Control of Adsorption Tower of Dry Desulfurization

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