Fluctuation of Protandry in Eclosion of Anthocharis scolymus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): Can Males Eclose Optimally Under Evolutionary Equilibrium?

Sawada, Kouji; Nomakuchi, Shintaro; Masumoto, Toshiya; Suzuki, N.; Shiotsu, Yoshifumi; Koyanagi, Hideaki; Sugiura, Naoyuki; Okuda, Natsuki

doi:10.1093/ee/26.3.572

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…As butterfly featherings are soon damaged through their activity (e.g. Sawada et al 1997) we think dating error was minimal, and the 41 males used in the logistic model were captured soon after their appearance. Females appeared at territory sites mainly in the middle of the adult season ( Fig.…”

Section: Territorial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly

Takeuchi

Honda

2009

Ethology

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A positive relationship between ownership and contest success is widespread among territorial butterflies. We tested the hypothesis that owners win simply because they have a longer experience occupying a given territory than do intruders in territorial butterflies. Using the lycaenid butterfly Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus, we staged contests between two males that had experienced different residency periods at the same contested territory, similar to owners and intruders in natural contests. We found that males that had occupied the contested territory for a longer period (a day) always defeated the shorter occupancy males (15 min). Therefore, residency period plays a key role in settling territorial contests. As residency confers advantages in a time‐dependent manner, the mechanism of owner dominance could be an increase in motivation to fight as local familiarity increases. Moreover, this result predicts a population‐level territorial dynamics. If residency period per se confers advantages in each contest, males arriving at a territory early in their adult season should acquire territorial dominance because they can remain there for a certain period with only a few rivals; late‐appearing males do not have this advantage. As predicted, we found that males appearing at territory sites early in the season were more likely to hold their territories. This finding provides new evidence for the evolution of protandry in butterflies.

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Section: Territorial Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly

Takeuchi

Honda

2009

Ethology

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“…Rather, for both sexes, there is a temporal distribution in emergence and, for a given distribution of female emergence, there should be an optimal distribution of male emergence (Bulmer 1983, Iwasa et al 1983, Parker and Courtney 1983, Thorhnill and Alcock 1983, Sawada et al 1997. Rather, for both sexes, there is a temporal distribution in emergence and, for a given distribution of female emergence, there should be an optimal distribution of male emergence (Bulmer 1983, Iwasa et al 1983, Parker and Courtney 1983, Thorhnill and Alcock 1983, Sawada et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, for both sexes, there is a temporal distribution in emergence and, for a given distribution of female emergence, there should be an optimal distribution of male emergence (Bulmer 1983, Iwasa et al 1983, Parker and Courtney 1983, Thorhnill and Alcock 1983, Sawada et al 1997. That we still could not resolve differences in fitness between the normal and superdispersed emergence distributions may then explain why the testing for the optimality of male emergence patterns of butterflies in nature has yielded mixed results (Iwasa et al 1983, Baughman et al 1988, Sawada et al 1997. We found that invader advantage increased with variation of invadermale emergence, regardless of the native-male emergence distribution (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protandry: The Relationship Between Emergence Time and Male Fitness in the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito

Holzapfel

Bradshaw

2002

Ecology

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Protandry is the emergence or arrival into a seasonal population of males before females and is widespread among both plants and animals. Conceptually, protandry should be subject to stabilizing selection because early emerging males risk death before mating and late-emerging males miss opportunities to mate. However, for any given male, the optimal emergence time may depend upon the mean and distribution of emergence of other males in the population. Using lifetime offspring sired as our criterion of reproductive success, we found that, in laboratory populations of the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii, there is, indeed, stabilizing selection acting on the optimal time for male emergence, and that the specific optimum does depend upon emergence time of other males in the population. In addition, male cohorts achieved greater reproductive success when their emergence was spread over several days rather than occurring in a single day. However, reproductive success did not differ between normal and superdispersed emergence distributions, suggesting that, under more variable, natural conditions, the specific pattern of male emergence may be far less important than variation in emergence time, per se.

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“…Mortality factors can vary with years or population sizes (Dempster 1997). As population sizes were stable for at least 3 years (from 1991 to 1993) (Sawada et al 1997), however, this suggests that similar events occurred then.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of time-dependent intraspecific competition on offspring survival in the butterfly, Anthocharis scolymus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Kinoshita

1998

Oecologia

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Effects of mothers' eclosion and oviposition timing on the survival of their offspring in the pierid butterfly Anthocharis scolymus (L.) was examined. I recorded the performance of individual eggs and larvae that differed in their mother's eclosion and oviposition timing in a natural population, where A. scolymus feeds on Turritis glabra (L.) Bernh. Eggs laid early in the season, and larvae emerging from these eggs, had higher survival than eggs laid later, and larvae emerging from eggs that were laid later in the season, the causal factor being egg cannibalism by larvae on the same host plant. Logistic regression showed that females eclosing early in the season had higher offspring survival than females eclosing later. I conclude that optimal timing of adult eclosion in A. scolymus is a trade-off between eclosing early with associated higher offspring survival but lower egg-laying rate, and eclosing later with associated lower offspring survival but higher egg-laying rate.

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Fluctuation of Protandry in Eclosion of Anthocharis scolymus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): Can Males Eclose Optimally Under Evolutionary Equilibrium?

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly

Early Comers Become Owners: Effect of Residency Experience on Territorial Contest Dynamics in a Lycaenid Butterfly

Protandry: The Relationship Between Emergence Time and Male Fitness in the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito

Effects of time-dependent intraspecific competition on offspring survival in the butterfly, Anthocharis scolymus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

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