FLT3-internal tandem duplication in a pediatric patient with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Hepatobiliary System: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

“…The most commonly expressed markers in a series of 92 MS cases reported by Pileri et al [7] were CD68/ KP1 (100%), myeloperoxidase (83.6%), CD117 (80.4%), CD99 (54.3%), CD68/PG-M1 (51%), CD34 (43.4%), TdT (31.5%) and CD56 (13%). CD56 (NCAM) expression was reported in up to 40% of a small series of patients with extramedullary AML [59], but it was only reported in 1 of our cases (case 2) and in 1 case in our review [49]. Many of these markers may not have been evaluated and/or reported in all of the case reports, so the actual frequency may differ.…”

“…Including our 3 cases, median age at presentation was 45 (range 1-84) years and males were more commonly affected than females (61 vs. 39%). Eighteen patients (35%) had de novo isolated MS, 5 (10%) presented with isolated relapse [33,45,49,51,57] and the remainder presented with systemic disease, mainly in association with AML (either on initial presentation or relapse). Six (18%) of the AML patients had an antecedent hematologic disorder and MS was, in most cases, diagnosed prior to or concurrently with transformation (our case 3) [20,22,23,32,43].…”

“…Four patients with de novo isolated MS died shortly after their diagnosis, unable to receive any definitive therapy [34,44,46,52]. MS as an isolated AML relapse [33,45,49,51,57] occurred in 2 out of 5 patients post-HSCT, at 2 and 8 months, respectively [49,57]; they died shortly thereafter. There have been a number of reports describing AML patients without MS on initial presentation, but experiencing a relapse with isolated extramedullary disease posttransplant [64,65,66,67,68], possibly constituting a mechanism of immune escape.…”

“…Twenty-three (45%) of the 51 patients with hepatobiliary MS presented with isolated MS, either on presentation or at relapse [9,17,24,26,27,30,33,34,40,41,42,44,45,46,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,57]; 7 of them developed systemic AML within a period of 1-16 months [9,17,26,27,41,48,51] (table 1). Four of these 7 patients underwent surgery at the time of MS diagnosis, followed by chemotherapy after the development of systemic AML [9,27,41,48], with a few sustainable remissions [27,41,48].…”

Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mimicking Autoimmune Pancreatitis after Bone Marrow Transplantation

“…),+16,-der(16)t(1;16) [7], 46,XY [3]). Pleural effusion and ascites developed, followed by mechanical ileus due to gastrointestinal invasion by leukemic cells.…”