FLS2‐RBOHD module regulates changes in the metabolome of Arabidopsis in response to abiotic stress

Abstract

Through crosstalk, FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2) and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D (RBOHD) are involved in regulating the homeostasis of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are linked to the metabolic response of plants toward both biotic and abiotic stress. In the present study, we examined the metabolome of Arabidopsis seedlings under drought and salt conditions to better understand the potential role of FLS2 and RBOHD‐dependent signaling in the regulation of abiotic stress response. We identified common metabolites and genes that are regulated by FLS2 and RBOHD, and are involved in the response to drought and salt stress. Under drought conditions, D‐aspartic acid and the expression of associated genes, such as ASPARAGINE SYNTHASE 2 (ASN2), increased in both fls2 and robed/f double mutants. The accumulation of amino acids, carbohydrates, and hormones, such as L‐proline, D‐ribose, and indoleacetaldehyde increased in both fls2 and rbohd/f double mutants under salt conditions, as did the expression of related genes, such as PROLINE IMINOPEPTIDASE, PHOSPHORIBOSYL PYROPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 5, and NITRILASE 3. Collectively, these results indicate that the FLS2‐RBOHD module regulates plant response to drought and salt stress through ROS signaling by adjusting the accumulation of metabolites and expression of genes related to metabolite synthesis.

RsRbohD1 Plays a Significant Role in ROS Production during Radish Pithiness Development

“…CPKs play a role in signal transduction pathways involving calcium as a second messenger. CPK5 is key for the propagation of the ROS wave in plants [20][21][22], which underlines that Rboh proteins may interfere with Ca 2+ waves and ROS signaling. CPK28, a regulator of development control, coordinates stem elongation and vascular development [23].…”

“…Fifteen genes are associated with ROS scavenging, and 7 and 8 genes are involved in the phytohormones ABA and ethylene, respectively (Table S3). As shown in Figure 7, there was a significant increase in the expression of CPK5 [20][21][22] and CPK28 [23], GST [24], GPX6 [25], APX1 [26], CAT1 [27], CAT2 [28], CAT3 [29], PYL9 [30], PP2CA [31,32], ACS6 [33], and ERF1A [34]. In RbohD1-related, Ros scavenging, and ABA-related genes, except for a few genes, such as CPK4 [35], GPK6 [36], APX6 [37], etc., most of them showed an increasing trend.…”

Emerging Roles of Receptor-like Protein Kinases in Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses

“…Botrytis-induced kinase 1 (BIK1), a RCLK VII member, forms a complex with both flagellin sensing 2 (FLS2) and brassinosteroid insensitive1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1) to activate microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) triggered immunity [18,31,40,41]. However, there is also evidence that the FLS2 is involved in abiotic stress tolerance [42].…”