Flowers for better pest control? The effects of apple orchard ground cover management on green apple aphids (<i>Aphis</i>spp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), their predators and the canopy insect community

Markó, Viktor; Jenser, G.; Kondorosy, Előd; Ábrahám, Levente; Balázs, K.

doi:10.1080/09583157.2012.743972

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…as pests), then increasing the amount of grasses in the vine rows in the IPM orchards may be the easiest solution to increasing the biodiversity of these taxa in these orchards. Increasing the amount of ground cover can affect the populations of many invertebrate species, including increasing the numbers of herbivorous pests (Markó et al ., ), and so further studies are certainly required before recommendations can be made. The second significant variable in the model was the quantity of magnesium applied by the growers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between management practices and ground-active invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards

Todd

Malone

Benge³

et al. 2015

Agr Forest Entomol

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1 Increasing the biodiversity of agro-ecosystems may benefit rare and native species, improve ecosystem services and increase grower incomes through higher value eco-verified orchard products. Previous research has shown that the taxonomic richness of invertebrates in organic kiwifruit orchards is significantly higher than in integrated pest management (IPM) orchards, suggesting that orchard management practices may affect invertebrate biodiversity. 2 We used multiple regression models to investigate the relationships between the diversity of ground-active invertebrates in three functional groups [natural enemies, herbivores, detritivores (including fungivores)] and 14 management practices used on 10 organic and 10 IPM orchards. 3 The significant relationships between the management variables and invertebrate communities differed for each functional group: (i) the greater diversity of natural enemy and detritivore taxa in organic orchards was significantly correlated with less toxic agrichemical sprays; (ii) greater amounts of vegetative ground cover in the organic orchards was significantly correlated with a greater diversity of detritivore and herbivore taxa; and (iii) differences in magnesium application rates explained some of the variation in the herbivore and detritivore communities. 4 Management practices on IPM kiwifruit orchards could be altered to increase invertebrate biodiversity, which also may improve ecosystem services on these orchards; however, care should be taken to ensure that pest populations do not also benefit from these changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between management practices and ground-active invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards

Todd

Malone

Benge³

et al. 2015

Agr Forest Entomol

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“…However, the literature provides contrasting results: a lower abundance of herbivores and a higher abundance of parasitoids and predators [24][25][26][27], a higher abundance of herbivorous insects [28], or no differences between managed and control habitats [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effect of Achillea millefolium Strips and Essential Oil on the European Apple Sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidea)

Almeida¹,

Cormier²,

Lucas³

2017

Entomol Ornithol Herpetol

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The European apple sawfly Hoplocampa testudinea (Klug) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) is a pest in numerous apple orchards in eastern North America. In Quebec, Canada, the European apple sawfly can damage up to 14% of apples and growers use phosphate insecticide during the petal fall stage to control the pest. Since the insecticide is toxic for beneficial insects, we established flower strips of Achillea millefolium L. (Asterales: Asteraceae) to interfere with the oviposition of the insect as an alternative. Populations of European apple sawfly adults were significantly reduced in areas close to flower strips compared to unmanaged areas (natural groundcover). In order to understand the mechanism of the flower strip effect, we tested the repellent effect of A. millefolium essential oil on populations of H. testudinea. Twenty flowers per apple tree were sprayed during full bloom, the oviposition period of the pest. Sprayed and control flowers were then collected and dissected to note the presence of oviposition scars and eggs of the European apple sawfly. Significantly less scars and eggs were observed on sprayed flowers than on control flowers, which means that A. millefolium had a repellent effect on the insect.

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“…Beside pesticides, a number of local-scale factors such as prey availability and ground cover vegetation can influence insect abundance in orchards and some of them may override the others (Elliott et al, 2002;Markó et al, 2013;Schüepp et al, 2014). In our study, instead of cumulative pesticide toxicity, the number of the acariphagous coccinellid, S. pusillus, was determined by their aggregation response to prey (mite) abundance in the period of the highest pesticide pressure, in May and June (Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Orchard Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscapes, orchards, pesticides–Abundance of beetles (Coleoptera) in apple orchards along pesticide toxicity and landscape complexity gradients

Markó

Elek

Kovács‐Hostyánszki

et al. 2017

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Landscapes, orchards, pesticides-Abundance of beetles (Coleoptera) in apple orchards along pesticide toxicity and landscape complexity gradients. -Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 247, AbstractLandscape composition may influence biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural fields.Hitherto, most studies have focused on annual crops and the available information on the impacts of landscape structure in orchards is sparse. In this study, we evaluated the effects of pesticide use as cumulative toxicity on pest and predatory beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in the canopy of apple orchards surrounded by different proportion of semi-natural vegetation, crop fields and settlements in Hungary. Laboratory data suggest that increasing pesticide toxicity negatively affects predators (coccinellids), but we did not find such a pattern. Supposedly, the effect of pesticides was masked by the continuous recolonisation of orchards from the surrounding landscape. On the contrary, for the less mobile pest species [Anthonomus pomorum, Phyllobius oblongus (Curculionidae)] we did find a decline in abundance along the gradient of increasing pesticide toxicity. Landscape composition around the orchards significantly influenced the abundance of predatory, fungivorous and tourist species, but had no effect on pests. Contrary to expectations, however, semi-natural habitats had a minor effect compared to arable fields, orchards and settlements which habitat types had various effects on the abundance of different coleopteran groups and species. For example, Harmonia axyridis (Coccinellidae) abundance was positively affected by its overwintering sites, i.e. human settlements in spring, seminatural forests in summer, and arable fields in autumn. The mass immigration of other predatory, fungivorous and tourist species from the surrounding arable fields into the orchards started from July with senescence and harvesting of arable crops. These results suggest that arable fields, other orchards and settlements might be more important sources of colonisation for natural enemies in orchards than certain semi-natural habitats.

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Flowers for better pest control? The effects of apple orchard ground cover management on green apple aphids (Aphisspp.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), their predators and the canopy insect community

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Relationships between management practices and ground-active invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards

Relationships between management practices and ground-active invertebrate biodiversity in New Zealand kiwifruit orchards

Effect of Achillea millefolium Strips and Essential Oil on the European Apple Sawfly, Hoplocampa testudinea (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidea)

Landscapes, orchards, pesticides–Abundance of beetles (Coleoptera) in apple orchards along pesticide toxicity and landscape complexity gradients

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