Flowering time control and applications in plant breeding

Jung, Christian; Müller, Andreas E.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2009.07.005

Cited by 472 publications

(392 citation statements)

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“…Flowering is a key characteristic of adaptation, the timing of which is influenced by both genetics and the environment (Aitken, 1977;Taiz and Zeiger, 2006;Jung and Müller, 2009;Manel et al, 2012). Among traits in the maladaptive syndrome, flowering is the most important because it impacts the timing of seed production in relation to climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallauer’s Tusón: a decade of selection for tropical-to-temperate phenological adaptation in maize

et al. 2014

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Crop species exhibit an astounding capacity for environmental adaptation, but genetic bottlenecks resulting from intense selection for adaptation and productivity can lead to a genetically vulnerable crop. Improving the genetic resiliency of temperate maize depends upon the use of tropical germplasm, which harbors a rich source of natural allelic diversity. Here, the adaptation process was studied in a tropical maize population subjected to 10 recurrent generations of directional selection for early flowering in a single temperate environment in Iowa, USA. We evaluated the response to this selection across a geographical range spanning from 43.05°(WI) to 18.00°(PR) latitude. The capacity for an all-tropical maize population to become adapted to a temperate environment was revealed in a marked fashion: on average, families from generation 10 flowered 20 days earlier than families in generation 0, with a nine-day separation between the latest generation 10 family and the earliest generation 0 family. Results suggest that adaptation was primarily due to selection on genetic main effects tailored to temperature-dependent plasticity in flowering time. Genotype-by-environment interactions represented a relatively small component of the phenotypic variation in flowering time, but were sufficient to produce a signature of localized adaptation that radiated latitudinally, in partial association with daylength and temperature, from the original location of selection. Furthermore, the original population exhibited a maladaptive syndrome including excessive ear and plant heights along with later flowering; this was reduced in frequency by selection for flowering time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallauer’s Tusón: a decade of selection for tropical-to-temperate phenological adaptation in maize

et al. 2014

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“…It has been known for centuries that flowering of plants is regulated by day length (2). In recent years, many genes for photoperiod-controlled flowering have been identified in a number of plants, leading to characterization of pathways in flowering regulation (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). However, photoperiod regulation of other developmental processes has been studied in far less detail than flowering.…”

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confidence: 99%

A long noncoding RNA regulates photoperiod-sensitive male sterility, an essential component of hybrid rice

Ding¹,

Lu²,

Ouyang³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

560

455

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Hybrid rice has greatly contributed to the global increase of rice productivity. A major component that facilitated the development of hybrids was a mutant showing photoperiod-sensitive male sterility (PSMS) with its fertility regulated by day length. Transcriptome studies have shown that large portions of the eukaryotic genomic sequences are transcribed to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). However, the potential roles for only a few lncRNAs have been brought to light at present. Thus, great efforts have to be invested to understand the biological functions of lncRNAs. Here we show that a lncRNA of 1,236 bases in length, referred to as long-dayspecific male-fertility-associated RNA (LDMAR), regulates PSMS in rice. We found that sufficient amount of the LDMAR transcript is required for normal pollen development of plants grown under long-day conditions. A spontaneous mutation causing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) between the wild-type and mutant altered the secondary structure of LDMAR. This change brought about increased methylation in the putative promoter region of LDMAR, which reduced the transcription of LDMAR specifically under long-day conditions, resulting in premature programmed cell death (PCD) in developing anthers, thus causing PSMS. Thus, a lncRNA could directly exert a major effect on a trait like a structure gene, and a SNP could alter the function of a lncRNA similar to amino acid substitution in structural genes. Molecular elucidating of PSMS has important implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of photoperiod regulation of many biological processes and also for developing male sterile germplasms for hybrid crop breeding.epigenetics | Oryza sativa

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“…In boreal climates, crop plants have to be adapted to both the long photoperiod and low temperature, and the combination of timing, duration, intensity, and frequency of heat, drought, frost, flooding, disease and pest stresses cannot be predicted. The full suite of technologies, including traditional breeding, mutation breeding, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and cis-and trans-genic technologies, will be needed to improve crop performance and yield (Jung & Müller, 2009;Mittler & Blumwald, 2010;Varshney et al, 2011). …”

Section: Challenges and Limitations For Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%