Flowering Response of Bougainvillea Cultivars to Dikegulac

Abstract

<jats:p>Foliar spray application of dikegulac at 1600 mg·liter<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> during production of <jats:italic>Bougainvillea glabra</jats:italic> Choicy `Mauna Kea White', and <jats:italic>Bougainvillea</jats:italic> `Raspberry Ice', `Royal Purple', `Summer Snow', and `Temple Fire' in 4.5-liter hanging baskets (25.4 cm in diameter) was investigated in relation to flowering. The effect of foliar-applied dikegulac at 0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 mg·liter<jats:sup>-1</jats:sup> on bracteole size of `Mauna Kea White' was also determined. Liners of `Temple Fire' pruned at transplanting (0 weeks) and sprayed with dikegulac at, 0 and 4 weeks had increased flowering and a slightly more compact, pendulous growth habit than plants that had only been pruned at 0 and 4 weeks. Dikegulac had little to no effect on flowering of the other cultivars. Under late-spring to early summer conditions (generally increasing temperatures), bracteole size of `Mauna Kea White' was reduced ≈25 % by 400 mg dikegulac/liter compared to nontreated plants; 800 to 1600 mg dikegulac/liter reduced bracteole size ≈37%. Under late-summer to mid-fall conditions when the weather was cooler and wetter, dikegulac had little to no effect on bracteole size; however, bracteoles of nontreated plants were ≈25% smaller than those of plants grown under the warmer and drier conditions of late spring to early summer. Chemical name used: sodium salt of 2,3:4,6-bis -<jats:italic>O</jats:italic>- (1-methylethylidene) -α-<jats:sc>l</jats:sc>-<jats:italic>xylo</jats:italic>- 2-hexulofuranosonic acid (dikegulac).</jats:p>

Stimulation of node and lateral shoot formation in micropropagation of olive (Olea europaea L.) by using dikegulac

“…Dikegulac-sodium reduces apical dominance and promotes lateral branching and flower-bud formation in some plants (Bocion et al 1975;Sachs et al 1975;Norcini et al 1994;Das et al 2006). Commercial formulations of dikegulac have been tested as a pinching agent in several species (Sanderson and Martin 1977;Malek et al 1992;Jacyna et al 1994;Sansberro et al 2006), a growth retardant for trees by trunk injection (Wright and Moran 1988) and fruit abscission agent in citrus (Pozo et al 2004).…”

Effects of shoot bending on ACC content, ethylene production, growth and flowering of bougainvillea

“…Therefore, the ability to control the timing of flower production is of great importance commercially. The results of previous studies have shown that the flowering of bougainvillea is enhanced by appropriate regulation of environmental factors, such as photoperiod (Allard 1935), light intensity (Hackett and Sachs 1968), temperature (Hackett and Sachs 1966;Norcini 1993), and water (Henrard 1976), effective culture management includes pruning (Cherian et al 2004), and the use of plant growth regulators, including chlormequa, daminozide (Hackett and Sachs 1967), amcymidol (Criley 1977) and dikegulac (Norcini et al 1992;Norcini and Aldrich 1994). However, little information is available concerning the effect of shoot bending on the flowering of bougainvillea.…”

Stimulation of Lateral Branching of Red Firespike Using Dikegulac Sodium, Benzyladenine, and Pinching

“…Similar results were found in unpruned panicle hydrangea (Cochran et al, 2013), where the plants treated with 1600 ppm DS had fewer branches and flowers compared with lower concentrations of DS. However, following application of 1600 ppm DS in bougainvillea (Bougainvillea) flower numbers increased (Norcini et al, 1993(Norcini et al, , 1994. There were no differences in the number of inflorescences between pinching treatments or the control.…”