1999
DOI: 10.1017/s0266467499000796
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Flowering phenology and pollination biology of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) in Central Amazonia

Abstract: The flowering and fruiting phenology, floral biology, pollination ecology, and breeding system of the emergent tree Ceiba pentandra were studied in the Brazilian Central Amazon. Of the 21 trees studied, 17 flowered once or twice during the 6-y study period. The mass flowering and relatively high production of nectar per flower (mean of 310 µl) resulted in a high nectar production (over 200 l per tree per season). Flowers were visited by a wide range of nocturnal (bats, marsupials, night monkeys, hawk moths) an… Show more

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Cited by 121 publications
(133 citation statements)
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“…Many pollinators are shared by many plants, and flexibility or opportunism are common (Renner 1997; Roubik 2000 a ). Large bees, birds, moths, or bats have foraging radii of 8-25 km, providing access to 200-2000 km 2 of foraging territory (Roubik 1989;Gribel et al 1999). Landscapes may stay connected for plants in certain "pollination compartments" (Corbet, this issue), but eventually the system falls apart when gene flow is inevitably cut off.…”
Section: Pollination System Stability In Tropical Americamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many pollinators are shared by many plants, and flexibility or opportunism are common (Renner 1997; Roubik 2000 a ). Large bees, birds, moths, or bats have foraging radii of 8-25 km, providing access to 200-2000 km 2 of foraging territory (Roubik 1989;Gribel et al 1999). Landscapes may stay connected for plants in certain "pollination compartments" (Corbet, this issue), but eventually the system falls apart when gene flow is inevitably cut off.…”
Section: Pollination System Stability In Tropical Americamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…O expressivo volume e a baixa concentração de néctar produzido por P. marginatum também foi observado em outras espécies da subfamília Bombacoideae, como Ceiba petandra, Pachira calophylla, Pseudobombax grandiflorum, Pseudobombax ellipticoideum e Pseudobombax marginatum (Eguiarte et al 1987;Fischer et al 1992;Gribel et al 1999), Alta produção de néctar e a baixa concentração do mesmo podem resultar em um maior número de visitas a flores de indivíduos distintos, uma vez que a maior obtenção de energia pelo seu consumo dependerá da ingestão de um maior volume, consequentemente levando a um maior sucesso na polinização da espécie (Fischer & Leal 2006). Estas características na produção e concentração do néctar estão associadas a polinização por morcegos (Faegri & Pijl 1979).…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Este fato já foi reportado para espécies de Bombacoideae e outras espécies arbóreas de antese noturna que apresentam em comum flores do tipo pincel, que apresentam morfologia permissiva, podendo levar a um maior espectro de visitantes (Kuhlmann & Kuhn 1947;Gribel et al 1999;Duarte 2006;Cruz-Neto et al 2007;Amorim et al 2013;Barros et al 2013;Avila et al 2015). Essa estratégia favoreceu algumas espécies em outros estudos, uma vez que a extensão da antese e oferta de recurso por longos períodos deve aumentar o espectro de animais visitantes, consequentemente elevar o sucesso reprodutivo (Oliveira et al 1992;Gribel et al 1999;Barros et al 2013), não sendo possível afirmar o mesmo para P. marginatum.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Várzeas can be defined as forests flooded by white-water rivers (sediment rich rivers originating in the Andes), while Igapós are nutrient-poor areas flooded by black water Rivers (sediment poor, organic matter rich rivers originated in lowland forests) [78]. Despite the variability of phenological traits in these physiognomies, studies in central Amazonia suggest that the flush of new leaves in Várzea occurs in August in most species, while in the Igapó vegetation type, new leaves are flushed in July and August, and also in October, December and February [79][80][81][82][83][84].…”
Section: Phenological Patterns Observed On the Groundmentioning
confidence: 99%