Flowering Behaviour of Senecio jacobaea: Effects of Nutrient Availability and Size-Dependent Vernalization

Prins, A. H.; Vrieling, Klaas; Klinkhamer, Peter G. L.; Jong, Tom J. de

doi:10.2307/3545541

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Biennial behavior registered in late sown crops (Roy et al, 1993;Król, 2007) or crops grown under restricting growing conditions (Kromer and Gross, 1987;Roy et al, 1993;Small and Catling, 1999;Król and Berbeć, 2004;Król, 2007) would not be the consequence of the non attainment of a critical size for reproduction sensu Werner (1975) and Gross (1981), but the result of delaying flower induction until environmental conditions that inhibit reproduction. Contrary to previous reports on this (Chouard, 1960) and other facultative biennial plant species (Werner, 1975;Baskin and Baskin, 1979;Klinkhamer et al, 1987;Prins et al, 1990), we found no evidence of a critical size for vernalization, as even pre-germinated seeds could respond to the Vn+ treatment by anticipating flowering time (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Flowering regulation in the facultative biennial Oenothera biennis L.: Environmental effects and their relation to growth rate

Giménez¹,

Sorlino²,

Bertero³

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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a b s t r a c tThe lifecycle of the facultative biennial oilseed-crop evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) is a major constraint for its commercial production under different growing conditions, as a variable proportion of plants fails to flower during the first season and remains as vegetative rosettes (biennial behavior). The aim of this work was to understand how flowering is regulated in this species and to identify the main determinants of its biennial behavior.Different planting dates and manipulative treatments (seed vernalization, photoperiod extension and fertilization) were employed to analyze if: (i) biennial behavior occurs when obligate requirements for vernalization or photoperiod are not satisfied; and (ii) responses to these environmental cues depend on the size and/or growth rate of rosettes.Our results indicate that O. biennis has an obligate long-day requirement for flowering and a facultative vernalization response. There is no minimum size requirement for vernalization response (as very small seedlings responded to the vernalization treatment) and the rate of development toward flowering under inductive photoperiods was strongly affected by rosette's growth rate. The incidence of high temperatures just before the onset of reproduction is proposed as an inhibitory factor that prevents reproduction under otherwise photo-inductive conditions. This last factor would explain the high incidence of biennial behavior frequently observed in spring/summer sowing in this crop.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Flowering regulation in the facultative biennial Oenothera biennis L.: Environmental effects and their relation to growth rate

Giménez¹,

Sorlino²,

Bertero³

et al. 2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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show abstract

“…jacobaea produces a rosette of leaves in its first year and will only flower having reached a threshold size and received adequate vernalization (Prins et al 1990). It is weakly mycorrhizal (Harley and Harley 1987) and has a defensive chemistry based on nitrogen-containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of insect herbivory on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

2002

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A series of field and laboratory experiments were conducted to examine whether natural levels of insect herbivory affect the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of two plant species. The plant species were the highly mycorrhizal (mycotrophic) Plantago lanceolata, which suffers small amounts of insect damage continuously over a growing season and the weakly mycorrhizal (non-mycotrophic) Senecio jacobaea, which is frequently subject to rapid and total defoliation by moth larvae. Herbivory was found to reduce AM colonization in P. lanceolata, but had no effect in S. jacobaea. Similarly, AM colonization reduced the level of leaf damage in P. lanceolata, but had no such effect in S. jacobaea. AM fungi were found to increase growth of P. lanceolata, but this effect was only clearly seen when insects were absent. AM fungi reduced the growth of S. jacobaea irrespective of whether insects were present. It is concluded that the reduction of AM fungal colonization by herbivory in P. lanceolata is due to the reduced amount of photosynthate available to the symbiont. This may only become apparent at threshold levels of insect damage and, below these, increased photosynthesis elicited by the mycorrhiza is able to compensate for foliage loss to the insects. However, in S. jacobaea, the mycorrhiza appears to be an aggressive parasite and insect attack only exacerbates the reduction in biomass. In mycotrophic plants, insect herbivores may be responsible for poor functioning of the symbiosis in field conditions and there is a symmetrical interaction between insects and fungi. However, in non-mycotrophic plants, the interaction is strongly asymmetrical, being entirely in favour of the mycorrhiza.

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“…The low flowering frequency in the pre-vernalization clipping treatment also indicates that ramets re-establishing following pre-vernalization clipping could not be induced to flower through vernalization, perhaps due to lack of adequate growth prior to vernalization. Rosette size prior to winter is a good predictor of flowering in some monocarpic perennials (Prins et al 1990;Klinkhamer et al 1991) as most of these plants must pass through a juvenile phase prior to vernalization to achieve flowering competency (Chouard 1960). It is unknown if red sorrel ramets possess the same requirement, but flowering in the Clip-No treatment occurred rapidly (Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Pre-and Post-vernalization Ramet Removal Under Fiementioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAit.)

et al. 2015

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. 2015. Pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 549Á556. Red sorrel is a common, ramet-producing herbaceous creeping perennial species in wild blueberry fields. Flowering and seed production occur primarily in overwintering ramets in Nova Scotia, Canada, and growers may therefore be able to adopt fairly simple management strategies to reduce or prevent flowering and seed production in this species. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal on red sorrel flowering ramet density under both controlled and field conditions. Under controlled conditions in a growth facility, ramet populations were subject to pre-and post-vernalization clipping treatments to simulate late autumn and early spring ramet removal. Under field conditions, pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal was achieved using postemergence applications of paraquat applied at a rate of 1 100 g a.i. ha(1 in early autumn and spring. Under controlled conditions, pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal reduced the density of flowering ramets by 95% and significantly reduced the frequency of pots with flowering ramets. Autumn and spring applications of paraquat under field conditions significantly reduced the survival of overwintering ramets, resulting in a significant reduction in the density of flowering ramets. Pre-and post-vernalization ramet removal has the potential to be a component of an integrated weed management strategy for red sorrel in wild blueberry.Key words: Vernalization, ramet flowering, ramet removal, Rumex acetosella, Vaccinium angustifolium White, S. N., Boyd, N. S., Van Acker, R. C. et Swanton, C. J. 2015. La suppression des ramets avant et apre`s la vernalisation re´duit la floraison de la roselle (Rumex acetosella L.) chez le bleuet sauvage (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 549Á556. La roselle est une vivace trac¸ante a`ramets qu'on retrouve couramment dans les bleuetie`res. En Nouvelle-É cosse (Canada), la floraison de l'adventice et la production de graines surviennent principalement sur les ramets qui ont surve´cu a`l'hiver, si bien que les cultivateurs pourraient recourir a`des strate´gies de lutte assez simples pour empeˆcher le plus possible l'espe`ce de fleurir et de libe´rer ses semences. La recherche devait e´tablir les conse´quences du retrait des ramets de roselle avant ou apre`s leur vernalisation sur la densite´des ramets florife`res dans des conditions controˆle´es et au champ. Dans une installation de croissance aux conditions controˆle´es, les chercheurs ont coupe´les ramets avant et apre`s leur vernalisation afin de simuler leur e´limination a`la fin de l'automne et au de´but du printemps. Au champ, on a proce´de´a`une suppression manuelle des ramets avant et apre`s la vernalisation par l'application post-leve´e de paraquat a`une concentration de 1 100 g de matie`re active par hectare, au de´but de l'automne et...

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Flowering Behaviour of Senecio jacobaea: Effects of Nutrient Availability and Size-Dependent Vernalization

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Flowering regulation in the facultative biennial Oenothera biennis L.: Environmental effects and their relation to growth rate

Flowering regulation in the facultative biennial Oenothera biennis L.: Environmental effects and their relation to growth rate

Differential effects of insect herbivory on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization

Pre- and post-vernalization ramet removal reduces flowering of red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.) in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifoliumAit.)

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