Flowering and fruiting phenology in maquis of New Caledonia

Abstract

Mots clés : phénologie de la reproduction -synchronisme -climat -sols ultramafiques -Nouvelle-Calédonie -océan Pacifique.

Determining suitable grazing time for Puccinella distans Parl. based on its phenology in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran

“…Hence, the duration of rangeland utilization reduces in the drought and increases in wet years. In a prior study, Derroire et al (2008) also indicate that rainfall has a relationship with plants phenology. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the best time for grazing can be continued from early May to midJuly.…”

“…In this study we used frequency and amplitude (Gentry 1974) and also regularity and timing (Newstrom et al 1994) observation methods (Derroire et al 2008). To identify rangeland readiness based on P. distans species, 10 stands of this species were selected and the stands height were measured every week and four phenology stages (germinate, flowering, seed ripening and complete drying) were recorded since the beginning of April 2007 to the end of October 2010.…”

“…There are different phenological stages classification and Radoks et al (1974) classified it as the following 10 classes: germination, scion growth, tillering, stem elongation, clustering, flowering, seed production, milky seed, seed hardening and seed ripening. Phenology of many plant species has been studied since eighteenth century (Menzel 2000;Roetzer et al 2000;Defila & Clot 2001;Stöckli & Vidale 2004), for example Wagenseil and Samimi (2006), Derroire et al (2008), Janecke and Smit (2011), Hafdahl and Craig (2014), Searle et al (2015), and Sakkir et al (2015). Schuster and Garcia (1973) tested the phenology of 13 varieties of cool season grasses under dryland and irrigated conditions in the Southern High Plains -Texas.…”

“…Hyetograph (Embrothermic) curve adjustment (rainfall, temperature) with different phenological stages in P. distans(Wet Year 2007-2008.…”

Periodic Relations between Terrestrial Vegetation and Climate Factors across the Globe

“…We used daily rainfall, mean air temperature and shortwave radiation (referred to as radiation through the text) datasets from 1981 to 2014 to analyze the agreement between vegetation growth and climate variables, and the time lag effect of climate factors on vegetation growth by resampling remotely sensed data into a spatial resolution of 0.5 • using the nearest interpolation method. These three climate variables have been widely appointed as the predominant influencing factors for the phenology of terrestrial vegetation [37][38][39]. Climate data were generated from the European Union Water and Global Change project (http://www.eu-watch.org), which provides a gridded Water and Global Change Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI) data product with a spatial resolution of 0.5 • and has relative data extending back to 1979 [40,41].…”