Flower Senescence-Strategies and Some Associated Events

Shahri, Waseem; Tahir, Inayatullah

doi:10.1007/s12229-011-9063-2

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 216 publications

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“…A burst of endogenously produced ethylene in such flowers initiates senescence and coordinates the expression of genes required for the process [37]. In wintersweet, however, previous research indicated that no obvious production of ethylene could be detected from the flowers during flower development [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Flower Development in Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox)

Liu

Sui

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is familiar as a garden plant and woody ornamental flower. On account of its unique flowering time and strong fragrance, it has a high ornamental and economic value. Despite a long history of human cultivation, our understanding of wintersweet genetics and molecular biology remains scant, reflecting a lack of basic genomic and transcriptomic data. In this study, we assembled three cDNA libraries, from three successive stages in flower development, designated as the flower bud with displayed petal, open flower and senescing flower stages. Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 21,412,928, 26,950,404, 24,912,954 qualified Illumina reads, respectively, for the three successive stages. The pooled reads from all three libraries were then assembled into 106,995 transcripts, 51,793 of which were annotated in the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Of these annotated sequences, 32,649 and 21,893 transcripts were assigned to gene ontology categories and clusters of orthologous groups, respectively. We could map 15,587 transcripts onto 312 pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. Based on these transcriptomic data, we obtained a large number of candidate genes that were differentially expressed at the open flower and senescing flower stages. An analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways indicated that although flower opening and senescence may be independent of the ethylene signaling pathway in wintersweet, salicylic acid may be involved in the regulation of flower senescence. We also succeeded in isolating key genes of floral scent biosynthesis and proposed a biosynthetic pathway for monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in wintersweet flowers, based on the annotated sequences. This comprehensive transcriptomic analysis presents fundamental information on the genes and pathways which are involved in flower development in wintersweet. And our data provided a useful database for further research of wintersweet and other Calycanthaceae family plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Analysis of Flower Development in Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox)

Liu

Sui

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Flower senescence is a highly regulated process that exhibits many of the structural, biochemical, and molecular changes that are hallmarks of programmed cell death. These include a loss of membrane permeability, increase in reactive oxygen species, and decreased levels of protective enzymes, followed by protein degradation, fatty acid breakdown, and degradation of nucleic acids (Wagstaff et al, 2002;Jones et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2006;Tripathi and Tuteja, 2007;Yamada et al, 2009;Shahri and Tahir, 2011;Rogers, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ethylene-Induced Regulatory Module Delays Flower Senescence by Regulating Cytokinin Content

Jia

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

101

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-6288-7917 (Y.J.); 0000-0002-5972-7963 (C.-Z.J.); 0000-0002-3866-0894 (C.M.); 0000-0002-9285-2539 (J.G.).In many plant species, including rose (Rosa hybrida), flower senescence is promoted by the gaseous hormone ethylene and inhibited by the cytokinin (CTK) class of hormones. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these antagonistic effects are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the association between a pathogenesis-related PR-10 family gene from rose (RhPR10.1) and the hormonal regulation of flower senescence. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that RhPR10.1 was expressed at high levels during senescence in different floral organs, including petal, sepal, receptacle, stamen, and pistil, and that expression was induced by ethylene treatment. Silencing of RhPR10.1 expression in rose plants by virusinduced gene silencing accelerated flower senescence, which was accompanied by a higher ion leakage rate in the petals, as well as increased expression of the senescence marker gene RhSAG12. CTK content and the expression of three CTK signaling pathway genes were reduced in RhPR10.1-silenced plants, and the accelerated rate of petal senescence that was apparent in the RhPR10.1-silenced plants was restored to normal levels by CTK treatment. Finally, RhHB6, a homeodomain-Leu zipper I transcription factor, was observed to bind to the RhPR10.1 promoter, and silencing of its expression also promoted flower senescence. Our results reveal an ethylene-induced RhHB6-RhPR10.1 regulatory module that functions as a brake of ethylenepromoted senescence through increasing the CTK content.

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“…Woltering and van Doorn (1988) investigated the role of ethylene in the senescence of petals by considering morphological and taxonomical relationships, and concluded that the ethylene sensitivity of plants is at the family level. Shahri and Tahir (2011) described flowers from the family Gentianaceae as ethylene insensitive (class 0), as like some other families, they show initial wilting during senescence. Some families showed low sensitivity (33 % effect, 1), or intermediate sensitivity (33-66 % effect, 2).…”

Section: Ethylene Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 92%