Flower Senescence: Fundamental and Applied Aspects

Stead, Anthony D.; Doorn, Wouter G. van; Jones, Michelle L.; Wagstaff, Carol

doi:10.1002/9780470988602.ch11

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 211 publications

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“…Tightly whorled structures (Fig. 5c) were sometimes found in senescent cells but these could have been Wxation artefacts (Stead et al 2006). Another cytological feature that was frequently encountered near the cell wall in mature petals were the multivesicular bodies shown in Figs.…”

Section: Diverent Rose Xoral Organs Produce Diverent Combinations Of mentioning

confidence: 98%

Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds

Bergougnoux

Caissard

Jullien

et al. 2007

Planta

103

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The localization and timing of production and emission of scent was studied in different Rosa x hybrida cultivars, focusing on three particular topics. First, it was found that petals represent the major source of scent in R. x hybrida. In heavily scented cultivars, the spectrum and levels of volatiles emitted by the flower broadly correlated with the spectrum and levels of volatiles contained within the petal, throughout petal development. Secondly, analysis of rose cultivars that lacked a detectable scent indicated that the absence of fragrance was due to a reduction in both the biosynthesis and emission of scent volatiles. A cytological study, conducted on scented and non-scented rose cultivars showed that no major difference was visible in the anatomy of the petals either at small magnification in optical sections or in ultrathin sections observed by TEM. In particular, the cuticle of epidermal cells was not thicker in scentless cultivars. Thirdly, using two different techniques, solid/liquid phase extraction and headspace collection of volatiles, we showed that in roses, both epidermal layers are capable of producing and emitting scent volatiles, despite the different morphologies of the cells of these two tissues. Moreover, OOMT, an enzyme involved in scent molecule biosynthesis was localized in both epidermal layers.

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Section: Diverent Rose Xoral Organs Produce Diverent Combinations Of mentioning

confidence: 98%

Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds

Bergougnoux

Caissard

Jullien

et al. 2007

Planta

103

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“…Many flowers have large, showy petals that serve to attract pollinators. The maintenance of petals is costly in terms of respiratory energy, nutrients, and water loss ( Stead et al , 2006 ). Once the flower has been pollinated or the stigma is no longer receptive to pollination, the petals (collectively called the corolla) undergo senescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the flower has been pollinated or the stigma is no longer receptive to pollination, the petals (collectively called the corolla) undergo senescence. A genetically controlled senescence programme allows the plant to dismantle macromolecules and organelles from dying corollas and to remobilize essential nutrients to developing tissues ( Jones, 2004 ; Stead et al , 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene regulates phosphorus remobilization and expression of a phosphate transporter (PhPT1) during petunia corolla senescence

Chapin

Jones

2009

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The programmed degradation of macromolecules during petal senescence allows the plant to remobilize nutrients from dying to developing tissues. Ethylene is involved in regulating the timing of nucleic acid degradation in petunia, but it is not clear if ethylene has a role in the remobilization of phosphorus during petal senescence. To investigate ethylene's role in nutrient remobilization, the P content of petals (collectively called the corolla) during early development and senescence was compared in ethylene-sensitive wild type Petunia×hybrida ‘Mitchell Diploid’ (MD) and transgenic petunias with reduced sensitivity to ethylene (35S::etr1-1). When compared to the total P content of corollas on the day of flower opening (the early non-senescing stage), P in MD corollas had decreased 74% by the late stage of senescence (advanced wilting). By contrast, P levels were only reduced by an average of 32% during etr1-1 corolla (lines 44568 and Z00-35-10) senescence. A high-affinity phosphate transporter, PhPT1 (PhPht1;1), was cloned from senescing petunia corollas by RT-PCR. PhPT1 expression was up-regulated during MD corolla senescence and a much smaller increase was detected during the senescence of etr1-1 petunia corollas. PhPT1 mRNA levels showed a rapid increase in detached corollas (treated at 1 d after flower opening) following treatment with low levels of ethylene (0.1 μl l-1). Transcripts accumulated in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, indicating that PhPT1 is a primary ethylene response gene. PhPT1 is a putative phosphate transporter that may function in Pi translocation during senescence.

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“…Cut flowers from GM plants modified in this way exhibit delayed senescence. However, the flowers remain sensitive to external ethylene (Chandler 2007;Stead et al 2006). Overexpression of mutant ethylene receptor genes has been shown to delay senescence and overcome the sensitivity to exogenous ethylene thereby improving vase life (Milbus et al 2009;Raffeiner et al 2009;Sriskandarajah et al 2007).…”

Section: Vase Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic modification in floriculture

Chandler

Brugliera

2010

Biotechnol Lett

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Micro-propagation, embryo rescue, mutagenesis via chemical or irradiation means and in vitro inter-specific hybridisation methods have been used by breeders in the floriculture industry for many years. In the past 20 years these enabling technologies have been supplemented by genetic modification methods. Though many genes of potential utility to the floricultural industry have been identified, and much has been learnt of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms underlying phenotypes of great importance to the industry, there are only flower colour modified varieties of carnation and rose in the marketplace. To a large extent this is due to unique financial barriers to market entry for genetically modified varieties of flower crops, including use of technology fees and costs of regulatory approval.

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Flower Senescence: Fundamental and Applied Aspects

Cited by 6 publications

References 211 publications

Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds

Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds

Ethylene regulates phosphorus remobilization and expression of a phosphate transporter (PhPT1) during petunia corolla senescence

Genetic modification in floriculture

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