Flower-Inducing Activity of Phloem Exudates from Pharbitis cotyledons Exposed to Various Photoperiods

Ishioka, Nahoko; Tanimoto, Shizufumi; Harada, Hiroshi

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078178

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Although this signal has been sought by many investigators and reports with promising results continue to appear in the literature (Chailakhyan et al 1989;Ishioka et al 1991 ;Kozaki et al 1991), none of the factors isolated has been accepted as a natural floral stimulus. This failure has led some to doubt the existence of a specific stimulus, especially a unique chemical signal (Bernier et al 1981 ;Bernier 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral-stimulus activity in tobacco stem pieces

McDaniel

Hartnett

1993

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Abstract. The growth patterns of axillary buds of dayneutral tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) plants were assessed by using explants of single buds attached to leafless stem cuttings and allowing the buds to grow to flowering without additional manipulation. Buds located 5, 10 and 15 nodes below the inflorescence were employed. For a given bud position, when a cutting had few internodes the growth pattern of a bud tended to fall into one of two groups: buds that produced few-noded shoots and buds that produced many-noded shoots. For example, in a group of 13 cuttings composed of bud 5 with 2 associated internodes, 11 buds produced 14.2 nodes (range, 11-17) and 2 buds produced 32.0 nodes (range, 30-34). As the number of internodes on the cutting increased, the number of buds producing few-noded shoots increased and the number of nodes produced decreased (e.g. in contrast to the data above, all 5th buds with 6 internodes produced 12.8 nodes; range 11-15). When cuttings from the 3 positions had the same number of internodes, the more apical cuttings had buds that produced fewer nodes (e.g. for cuttings with 6 internodes all 5th buds produced 12.8 nodes, all 10th buds produced 15.5 nodes and 85% of 15th buds produced few-noded shoots with 19.3 nodes). The number of nodes produced by a bud was a function of the original position of the stem piece and not the original position of the bud. That is, bud 5 associated with the 6 internodes below it produced 12.8 nodes and bud 10 associated with essentially the same 6 internodes (i.e. the 6 above it) produced 12.9 nodes while bud 10 associated with the 6 internodes below it produced 15.5 nodes. Thus, the number of nodes produced by a bud was dependent upon the original main-axis position of the cutting as well as the number of internodes on the cutting. Buds forced to grow out in situ on main axes devoid of leaves produced substantially more nodes than similar buds on cuttings. Buds isolated without associated internodes produced many-noded plants with a number of nodes similar to that of plants grown from seed. The simplest interpretation of theseCorrespondence to: C.N. McDaniel; FAX: 1(518)27685 54 data is that stem pieces contain floral-stimulus activity and that this activity is present in a gradient with the highest activity being located in the apical part of the stem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floral-stimulus activity in tobacco stem pieces

McDaniel

Hartnett

1993

Planta

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“…3, the heat treatment, and even autoclaving, did not alter the flowerinducing activity of the fraction. In Pharbitis studies, flower-inducing activity was also heat-stable (Ishioka et al, 1991).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this case FT protein moved via phloem. Our previous results in Pharbitis nil indicated that PE had flower-inducing activity (Ishioka et al, 1990;Ishioka et al, 1991;Kondoh et al, 1999). PE prepared from SDtreated cotyledons of Pharbitis nil induced flowering in Ipomoea tricolor that is a different species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Pharbitis (Ishioka et al, 1991;Kondoh et al, 1999), concentration of PE was expressed by number of cotyledons equivalent mL 1 . In the present study, the PE was freezedried, after which their weight was measured and dissolved in distilled water.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Harada (1967) reported that in vitro culture was very significant for flowering research as bioassay system. Using Pharbitis ( Ipomoea) nil seedlings, we reported previously that the PE taken from SD-treated cotyledons had flower-inducing activity in apex cultures (Ishioka et al, 1990;Ishioka et al, 1991;Kondoh et al, 1999), and the PE from cotyledons grown under continuous light had flowerinhibiting activity (Ishioka et al, 1990;Kondoh et al, 1999). The nature of flower-inducing substance(s) seemed to be low molecular weight, highly polar and acidic one(s) (Kondoh et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of Flowering by Phloem Exudate from Cotyledons of <I>pomoea tricolor</I> I. Low Molecular Weight Flower-inducing Substance(s)

WATANABE

TANIMOTO

Isshiki

2015

Environmental Control in Biology

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The phloem exudate prepared from the cotyledons of Ipomoea tricolor strain Heavenly Blue seedlings that have been exposed to a single 16 h dark period induced flowering in cultured apices excised from non-induced seedlings. When the phloem exudate was dialyzed and separated to 3 fractions such as low ( 1,000), middle (1,000 10,000), and high ( 10,000) molecular weight, both low and high molecular weight fractions had flower-inducing activities, but not middle fraction. The low molecular weight fraction was further separated and examined the nature of flower-inducing substance(s). The substance(s) was heat-stable and the highest rate of floral bud induction was obtained with 3 g freeze dry weight mL 1 . From the results of solvent participation and ion exchange chromatography, the substance(s) was high polar, seemed to be acidic, and the flower-inducing activity only increased from 3-to 10-fold.

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