Flower and fruit thinning and vegetative: fruiting balance.

Byers, Ross E.

doi:10.1079/9780851995922.0409

Cited by 49 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies on apples have also found a decrease in vegetative growth as crop load increases, an effect which extended even into subsequent growing seasons (Byers, 2003;Embree et al, 2007;Wright et al, 2006). However, in our work, 'Caricia' shoots were never shorter than those of 'Eva', even under the highest crop load treatments (Figure 1).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro

Álvarez

Gabriel

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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ABSTRACT:The crop load level of an apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) tree impacts fruit yield and quality parameters, tree vigor and biennial bearing. The optimal crop load is that which allows for consistent annual cropping and fruit quality acceptable to the market. We evaluated the effect of crop load on yield and fruit quality of two low-chill apples cv. 'Caricia' and 'Eva', growing in a mild winter area. During 2010 and 2011 crop load was manually adjusted from 2 or 3 to 17 fruits cm −2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Fruit yield was positively related to crop load in both cultivars but mean fruit weight diminished as the crop load increased. For both cultivars, the production of non-commercial and small-sized fruit increased, whereas production of middlesized fruit diminished as the fruit load increased. Shoot length was not affected by crop load in 'Eva' whereas it was reduced in 'Caricia'. Red skin color (RSC %) had a quadratic response to crop load in 'Caricia'. On the other hand, the RSC % of 'Eva' fruit was adjusted to a negative logarithmic model as an effect of crop load increment. No biennial bearing was observed in either cultivar. This research study suggests that the maximum limit of crop load for both cultivars is 7 fruits cm −2 of TCSA, and the lower limit of crop load was 3 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Eva' and 5 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Caricia'.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro

Álvarez

Gabriel

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Fruit quality and consumer acceptance of fresh market peaches is largely defined by fruit size, flavour, melting texture, and surface and flesh color [2,3]. For producers, fruit size is the primary factor affecting yield and crop value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removing fruitlets by hand thinning is typically performed at stage II of fruit development (pit hardening), 40 -60 days after full bloom (DAFB) [2,3,5]. In Canada, hand thinning can require between 100 -150 h·ha -1 depending on tree vigour, age, size, and fruit set, resulting in a estimated cost of ~$1235 ha -1 per year [6] based on current wages and benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethephon-Induced Abscission of “Redhaven” Peach

Taheri¹,

Cline²,

Subramanian³

et al. 2012

AJPS

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Fruit size of peaches is an important quality factor that can be optimized by adjusting the number of fruit on the tree by hand thinning 40 -60 days after full bloom (dafb). Hand thinning is labor intensive and therefore the development of other strategies to reduce production cost is warranted. Since ethylene plays a key role in peach fruitlet abscission, it is hypothesized that foliar applications of ethephon will induce fruit abscission and increase fruit size. Ethephon (0 to 400 mg·L -1 ) was applied to "Redhaven" peach trees 45 -50 days after full bloom in 2005 and 2007 to determine the efficacy and concentration required to induce fruit abscission. Abscission was linearly related to ethephon concentration and as a result reduced fruit set by 70% to 100%. These data indicate that ethephon in the range of 100 -200 mg·L -1 can be used to induce adequate levels of fruit abscission of "Redhaven" peaches without inducing trunk or limb gummosis.

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“…Managing crop load in apple orchards is essential for improving fruit size and color, preventing broken limbs due to the excess weight of fruit, and ensuring adequate return bloom to minimize biennial bearing (Byers, 2003;Dennis, 2000). Thinning, or reducing the number of apples per tree and within each fruiting cluster, can also decrease disease pressure by allowing for more rapid drying conditions within fruit clusters and allowing for more complete spray coverage of the developing fruitlets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Managing Apple Crop Load and Diseases with Bloom Thinning Applications in an Organically Managed ‘Honeycrisp’/‘MM.111’ Orchard

Peck

DeLong

Combs

et al. 2017

horts

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Additional index words. apple scab, cedar apple rust, Japanese knotweed, liquid lime sulfur, powdery mildew, quince rust Abstract. Although demand for organic produce continues to increase in the midAtlantic, few apple (Malus 3domestica Borkh.) growers in the region have adopted organic management practices due to the considerable disease, insect, and weed pressure, as well as the lack of effective crop load management tools. In this study, lime sulfur (LS) and Regalia Ò (R) were applied in different sequences (i.e., LS/LS, LS/R, R/R, and R/LS), each in a mixture with JMS Stylet-Oil, to chemically thin apple flowers in an organically managed 'Honeycrisp'/'MM.111' orchard. There was also a nontreated control, a ''grower standard'' control (LS at 11 mm fruitlet diameter), and a hand-thinned control. The treatments were evaluated for their ability to reduce crop load, as well as to control powdery mildew [Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E. S. Salmon], cedar apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginiana Schwein.), and quince rust (Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck). All treatments reduced crop load compared with the nontreated control, and after the first application of LS or R, the number of fertilized king blooms was reduced and fertilization was prevented in all side blooms. All bloom thinning treatments had more fruit peel russet than the control and russet was more severe when LS was one of the applications. Bloom thinning applications of LS and R did not reduce powdery mildew leaf infection compared with the nontreated control. Cedar apple rust incidence was reduced by all bloom thinning treatments, though some lesions were detected in all treatments. There were minimal quince rust infections in any of the treatments, including the nontreated control. These results suggest that when LS and/or Regalia Ò are mixed with JMS Stylet-Oil and applied as bloom thinners, they can reduce crop load, and, as a secondary benefit, they can also decrease cedar apple rust incidence from infections that occur during bloom.There is a need to conduct research specifically for organic apple (Malus ·domestica) production in the mid-Atlantic region (including the states of Delaware,

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Flower and fruit thinning and vegetative: fruiting balance.

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Ethephon-Induced Abscission of “Redhaven” Peach

Managing Apple Crop Load and Diseases with Bloom Thinning Applications in an Organically Managed ‘Honeycrisp’/‘MM.111’ Orchard

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