Flow within models of the vertebrate embryonic heart

Santhanakrishnan, Arvind; Nguyen, Nhi; Cox, Jennifer; Miller, Laura A.

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.04.020

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…They did not include cardiac cushions in their simulations. Maximum velocities were observed in regions of constrictions and vortices were observed during the ejection phase near the inner curvature Santhanakrishnan et al [85] used simple physical and mathematical models to show that the conditions required for vortex formation are significantly affected by flow Reynolds number and are highly sensitive to the chamber and cushion dimensions. In general, chamber vortices were observed for Reynolds numbers on the order of 10 and higher.…”

Section: Vortex Formation and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics of Heart Development

Santhanakrishnan

Miller

2011

Cell Biochem Biophys

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The morphology, muscle mechanics, fluid dynamics, conduction properties, and molecular biology of the developing embryonic heart have received much attention in recent years due to the importance of both fluid and elastic forces in shaping the heart as well as the striking relationship between the heart's evolution and development. Although few studies have directly addressed the connection between fluid dynamics and heart development, a number of studies suggest that fluids may play a key role in morphogenic signaling. For example, fluid shear stress may trigger biochemical cascades within the endothelial cells of the developing heart that regulate chamber and valve morphogenesis. Myocardial activity generates forces on the intracardiac blood, creating pressure gradients across the cardiac wall. These pressures may also serve as epigenetic signals. In this article, the fluid dynamics of the early stages of heart development is reviewed. The relevant work in cardiac morphology, muscle mechanics, regulatory networks, and electrophysiology is also reviewed in the context of intracardial fluid dynamics.

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Section: Vortex Formation and Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics of Heart Development

Santhanakrishnan

Miller

2011

Cell Biochem Biophys

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“…The particular numerical scheme used in this paper has been described in detail by Peskin and McQueen [29], and was tested against experimental data for the case of a flapping plate [32,33] and flow through a physical model of the simplified heart [34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the rigid heart model simulations, parabolic flow within the channel was prescribed upstream of the chambers by applying an external force, f ext , to the fluid proportional to the difference between the desired fluid velocity and the actual fluid velocity [34]. This force was applied to a 10-lm strip of the fluid that was 100 lm upstream of the atrium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics of Ventricular Filling in the Embryonic Heart

Miller

2011

Cell Biochem Biophys

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The vertebrate embryonic heart first forms as a valveless tube that pumps blood using waves of contraction. As the heart develops, the atrium and ventricle bulge out from the heart tube, and valves begin to form through the expansion of the endocardial cushions. As a result of changes in geometry, conduction velocities, and material properties of the heart wall, the fluid dynamics and resulting spatial patterns of shear stress and transmural pressure change dramatically. Recent work suggests that these transitions are significant because fluid forces acting on the cardiac walls, as well as the activity of myocardial cells that drive the flow, are necessary for correct chamber and valve morphogenesis. In this article, computational fluid dynamics was used to explore how spatial distributions of the normal forces acting on the heart wall change as the endocardial cushions grow and as the cardiac wall increases in stiffness. The immersed boundary method was used to simulate the fluid-moving boundary problem of the cardiac wall driving the motion of the blood in a simplified model of a two-dimensional heart. The normal forces acting on the heart walls increased during the period of one atrial contraction because inertial forces are negligible and the ventricular walls must be stretched during filling. Furthermore, the force required to fill the ventricle increased as the stiffness of the ventricular wall was increased. Increased endocardial cushion height also drastically increased the force necessary to contract the ventricle. Finally, flow in the moving boundary model was compared to flow through immobile rigid chambers, and the forces acting normal to the walls were substantially different.

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“…Its applications can range from guiding the engineering design of airplanes, boats, and cars for transportation [3,4,5] to understanding the locomotion of aquatic organisms [6,7,8] and animal flight [9,10,11], or personalized medicine [12,13,14] and surgical planning and practice [15,16] to understanding the role of blood flow in heart development [17,18,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IB2d Reloaded: A more powerful Python and MATLAB implementation of the immersed boundary method

Battista

Strickland

Barrett

et al. 2017

Math Methods in App Sciences

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The immersed boundary method (IB) is an elegant way to fully couple the motion of a fluid and deformations of an immersed elastic structure. In that vein, the IB2d software allows for expedited explorations of fluid-structure interaction for beginners and veterans to the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). While most open source CFD codes are written in low level programming environments, IB2d was specifically written in highlevel programming environments to make its accessibility extend beyond scientists with vast programming experience. Although introduced previously in [1], many improvements and additions have been made to the software to allow for even more robust models of material properties for the elastic structures, including a data analysis package for both the fluid and immersed structure data, an improved time-stepping scheme for higher accuracy solutions, and functionality for modeling slight fluid density variations as given by the Boussinesq approximation.

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Flow within models of the vertebrate embryonic heart

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Fluid Dynamics of Heart Development

Fluid Dynamics of Heart Development

Fluid Dynamics of Ventricular Filling in the Embryonic Heart

IB2d Reloaded: A more powerful Python and MATLAB implementation of the immersed boundary method

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