Flow‐weighted values of runoff tracers (δ18O, DOC, Ba, alkalinity) from the six largest Arctic rivers

Cooper, Lee W.; McClelland, J. W.; Holmes, Robert M.; Raymond, Peter A.; Gibson, J. J.; Guay, Christopher K.; Peterson, Bruce J.

doi:10.1029/2008gl035007

Cited by 225 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Endmember values are given in Table 1, largely following Ekwurzel et al (2001), but the  18 O endmember for river water is set to −20 ‰ to reflect average Arctic river water . For a detailed discussion on  18 O of average Arctic Ocean river water refer to Cooper et al (2008) and Bauch et al (2010). Uncertainties based on analytical errors are considerably smaller than systematic and conceptual errors arising from limited knowledge of endmember values.…”

Section: Results and Mass-balance Analysis From Summer 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Bauch

Loeff

Andersen

et al. 2011

Progress in Oceanography

189

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Section: Results and Mass-balance Analysis From Summer 2007mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Bauch

Loeff

Andersen

et al. 2011

Progress in Oceanography

189

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“…Both δ 18 O and salinity are conservative tracers only altered by phase transitions. River water in the Arctic is highly depleted in its δ 18 O stable oxygen isotope composition (Cooper et al, 2008) relative to marine waters. The contribution of sea ice processes can be separated from any mixture between marine and river water since it strongly influences salinity, whereas the δ 18 O signal remains nearly unaltered (Melling and Moore, 1995).…”

Section: Riverine Fraction Of Sea Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

et al. 2013

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Sediment transport dynamics were studied during ice-free conditions under different atmospheric circulation regimes on the Laptev Sea shelf (Siberian Arctic). To study the interannual variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics and their coupling with the variability in surface river water distribution on the Laptev Sea shelf, detailed oceanographic, optical (turbidity and Ocean Color satellite data), and hydrochemical (nutrients, SPM, stable oxygen isotopes) process studies were carried out continuously during the summers of 2007 and 2008. Thus, for the first time SPM and nutrient variations on the Laptev Sea shelf under different atmospheric forcing and the implications for the turbidity and transparency of the water column can be presented. The data indicate a clear link between different surface distributions of riverine waters and the SPM transport dynamics within the entire water column. The summer of 2007 was dominated by shoreward winds and an eastward transport of riverine surface waters. The surface SPM concentration on the southeastern inner shelf was elevated, which led to decreased transmissivity and increased light absorption. Surface SPM concentrations in the central and northern Laptev Sea were comparatively low. However, the SPM transport and concentration within the bottom nepheloid layer increased considerably on the entire eastern shelf. The summer of 2008 was dominated by offshore winds and northward transport of the river plume. The surface SPM transport was enhanced and extended onto the mid-shelf, whereas the bottom SPM transport and concentration was diminished. This study suggests that the SPM concentration and transport, in both the surface and bottom nepheloid layers, are associated with the distribution of riverine surface waters which are linked to the atmospheric circulation patterns over the Laptev Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean during the open water season. A continuing trend toward shoreward winds, weaker stratification and higher SPM concentration throughout the water column might have severe consequences for the ecosystem on the Laptev Sea shelf

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“…In estuaries Ba is enriched by desorption from river-borne clays in exchange with the more abundant cations of seawater (Carroll et al, 1993;Hanor and Chan, 1977;Li and Chan, 1979). Ba is highly enriched in North American (NA) rivers (Mackenzie) with respect to Eurasian rivers and typical Atlantic and Pacific surface waters (Cooper et al, 2008;Guay and Falkner, 1998b;Taylor et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2012

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Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to distinguish Eurasian from North American (NA) river runoff. As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, Ba was analyzed in the Barents, Kara, Laptev seas, and the Eurasian Basins as well as the Makarov Basin up to the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges. By combining salinity, δ 18 O and initial phosphate corrected for mineralization with oxygen (PO 4 *) or N/P ratios we identified the water mass fractions of meteoric water, sea ice meltwater, and marine waters of Atlantic as well as Pacific origin in the upper water column. In all basins inside the lower halocline layer and the Arctic intermediate waters we find Ba concentrations close to those of the Fram Strait branch of the lower halocline (41-45 nM), reflecting the composition of the incoming Atlantic water. A layer of upper halocline water (UHW) with higher Ba concentrations (45-55 nM) is identified in the Makarov Basin. Atop of the UHW, the Surface Mixed Layer (SML), including the summer and winter mixed layers, has high concentrations of Ba (58-67 nM). In the SML of the investigated area of the central Arctic the meteoric fraction can be identified by assuming a conservative behavior of Ba to be primarily of Eurasian river origin. However, in productive coastal regions biological removal compromises the use of Ba to distinguish between Eurasian and NA rivers. As a consequence, the NA river water fraction is underestimated in productive surface waters or waters that have passed a productive region, whereas this fraction is overestimated in subsurface waters containing remineralised Ba, particularly when these waters have passed productive shelf regions. Especially in the Laptev Sea and small regions in the Barents Sea, Ba concentrations are low in surface waters. In the Laptev Sea exceptionally high Ba concentrations in shelf bottom waters indicate that Ba is removed from surface waters to deep waters by biological activity enhanced by increasing ice-free conditions as well as by scavenging by organic matter of terrestrial origin. We interpret high Ba concentrations in the UHW of the Makarov Basin to result from enrichment by remineralisation in bottom waters on the shelf of the Chukchi Sea and therefore the calculated NA runoff is an artefact. We conclude that no NA runoff can be demonstrated unequivocally anywhere during our expedition with the set of tracers considered here. Small contributions of NA runoff may have been masked by Ba depletion and could only be resolved by supportive tracers on the uptake history. We thus suggest that Ba has to be used with care as it can put limits but not yield quantitative water mass distributions. Only if the extra Ba inputs exceed the cumulative biological uptake the signal can be unequivocally attributed to NA runoff.

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Flow‐weighted values of runoff tracers (δ¹⁸O, DOC, Ba, alkalinity) from the six largest Arctic rivers

Cited by 225 publications

References 29 publications

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Origin of freshwater and polynya water in the Arctic Ocean halocline in summer 2007

Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

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