Flow Velocity in Common Carotid Artery

Abstract

A significant blood flow disruption as seen in cardiovascular diseases and disorders is related to hemodynamic dysfunction. Gender influences the arterial hemodynamic func tions. Understanding of gender-related differences in blood flow and pressure is crucial in the prevalence and burden of cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents about char acteristic profile of carotid flow velocities to extend the fundamental understanding of arterial hemodynamic functions in gender differences. Comparison of both synchronized carotid blood flow velocity and blood pressures at normodynamics state are introduced to contribute to targeted therapeutic goal based on gender. Gender-related differences in body size has influenced on arterial hemodynamics in carotid artery. Body height has influenced on systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, wave reflection, pulse wave veloc ity in carotid artery. Carotid blood flow velocities are largely accounted for not only body height but also body weight. The predictors for modulating blood flow velocities were not only limited to age, but also influenced by several body compositions that largely accounted for the gender-related differences including visceral fat, muscle mass and total body fat. These data may useful to effective prevention and management of cardiovascu lar disease by considering the gender-difference.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Extracranial Cerebral Circulation (The Common, External and Internal Carotid Artery) in Different Breeds of Dogs

“…In our study, the diameter of the CCA also strongly correlated with weight (r = 0.87), which was higher in males in our study (p < 0.05). These findings are highly consistent with previously presented values in human medicine [9].…”

“…There was a strong negative correlation of the PSV CCA with the CCA diameter (r = −0.52) and weight (r = −0.54) in breeds. Interestingly, in the literature on human reports, differences in body weight and height have influenced arterial hemodynamics in the carotid artery, particularly blood flow velocities, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, wave reflection, and pulse wave velocity [9,32,35,[38][39][40]. These findings, in conjunction with the correlation of body weight and velocity parameters found in this study, may support the theory of decreased PSV and EDV due to body weight in large and giant breeds.…”

“…These findings, in conjunction with the correlation of body weight and velocity parameters found in this study, may support the theory of decreased PSV and EDV due to body weight in large and giant breeds. Moreover, an increased carotid diameter has been reported in the male sex proportionally with height and weight in human medicine [9]. In our study, the diameter of the CCA also strongly correlated with weight (r = 0.87), which was higher in males in our study (p < 0.05).…”

“…Doppler ultrasonography (US) is an effective and useful tool in veterinary medicine imaging due to its accessibility, low price, lack of radiation exposure or sedative intake, and the possibility to perform a bedside exam even in critically ill patients [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Waveform spectrum analysis reveals blood flow information, including physiological details and pathological processes [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Mesoscopic in vivo human T2* dataset acquired using quantitative MRI at 7 Tesla

“…Even in an ideal case of no head motion, in vivo MRI presents a unique challenge, namely, effects due to the motion of blood. Especially within large arteries, blood reaches very high speeds (Rahman Rasyada & Azhim, 2018). Such moving blood is known to cause imaging artifacts (Larson et al, 1990; Wehrli, 1990), especially when the time between the phase-encoding and readout (frequency encoding) stages of the MRI signal acquisition gets longer.…”