Flow structure and bottom friction of the nonlinear turbulent boundary layer under stormy waves

Wave Dissipation and Mean Circulation on a Shore Platform Under Storm Wave Conditions

“…(2010) and is based on theoretical analyses for progressive waves propagating in deep to intermediate water depths. However, several studies reported that the bottom streaming is reduced under asymmetric oscillatory flows (e.g., nonlinear waves) and can even become offshore‐directed (Kranenburg et al., 2012; Trowbridge & Madsen, 1984; Xie et al., 2021). Hence, the present modeling approach of the bottom streaming might not be adapted in the surf zone, which is characterized by strongly asymmetric flows.…”

An empirical model for velocity in rough turbulent oscillatory boundary layers

“…However, unlike the flow under surface gravity waves, the mean flow field in an OFT is horizontally uniform and lacks a vertical component. Xie et al (2021) conducted a study of flows with 𝑅𝑒 and 𝐴∕𝑘 𝑠 values similar to van der A et al (2011), Yuan and Madsen (2014), O'Donoghue et al (2021) and Dunbar (2022) in a large wave flume. In this type of facility, the flow is naturally comprised of multiple harmonics but their relative amplitude and phase cannot be controlled.…”

“…The studies of van der A et al (2011), Yuan and Madsen (2014), O'Donoghue et al (2021), Xie et al (2021) and Dunbar (2022) primarily cover the rough turbulent regime (see Fig. 1).…”

“…Salon et al, 2007) and direct numerical simulation (DNS, e.g. Jonsson and Carlsen (1976, ), Kemp andSimons (1982, ), Sleath (1987, ), Jensen et al (1989, ), Krstic and Fernando (2001, ), Mirfenderesk and Young (2003, ), Chen et al (2007, ), Dixen et al (2008, ), van der A et al (2011, ), Yuan and Madsen (2014, ), Ghodke and Apte (2016, ), Xie et al (2021, ), O'Donoghue et al (2021, ), Dunbar (2022. Delineation of flow regimes is based on Jonsson (1980) and Davies and Villaret (1997) 1987; Scandura et al, 2016;Ghodke and Apte, 2018; to simulate oscillatory boundary layer flow.…”

Experimental Data of Bottom Pressure and Free Surface Elevation including Wave and Current Interactions

“…For many experimental configurations, including experiments aimed at assessing foundation loads, the loads acting on the force plate itself are not the targeted measurement. In these circumstances, the desired structural forces are overlaid by those acting on the force plate, which are composed of a hydrostatic pressure component and a dynamic pressure component induced by the velocity in the boundary layer [19]. Predictions can be made to remove these components using, e.g., linear wave theory, but known limitations (e.g., [20]) will introduce uncertainty in the process, and consequently, in design.…”