Flow of River Tigris and its Effect on the Bed Sediment within Baghdad, Iraq

Al‐Ansari, Nadhir; Ali, Ahsan; Al-Suhail, Qusay; Knutsson, Sven

doi:10.1515/eng-2015-0054

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The size of the bed sediment was less than in earlier investigations (see Al-Ansari and Toma 1984). In addition, the sediments were moderately well sorted, finely skewed and leptokurtic (Al-Ansari et al 2015). Geohydraulique (1977) concluded that the Tigris River sediment is 'bed-load' (bed-material load), since the suspended load concentrations never reached 3 g/l in high flows and never exceeded 0.2 g/l in low water periods.…”

Section: River Geometry and Bed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial total load rating curve for a large river: a case study of the Tigris River at Baghdad

Ali

Al‐Ansari

Al-Suhail

et al. 2019

International Journal of River Basin Management

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The Tigris River in Baghdad is a large sand-bed river, supply-limited because of the implementation of a water flow regulation scheme comprising a series of reservoirs and barrages. The significant reduction in the water discharge has affected the hydraulic performance of the river and turned it into an under-fit river of complicated morphology where many islands and bank deposits have been showed up across an 18 km reach in addition to the essential sinuosity. Measuring sediment load at individual cross-sections in the river gives misleading estimates and the corresponding sediment rating curve has a locally limited using. A spatially sediment rating by investigating sediment loads over the complicated reach is required to overcome the local limitations. Sediment transport rates have been investigated at 16 cross-sections along the study reach by collecting suspended load, bed load and bed material samples. Velocity profiles were measured at the sampling stations using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP). The measurement results indicated that the suspended load is the dominant mode of transport (93.5%). However, bedloads were considered in determining the total loads. A spatial total load rating curve in the form of a power function was established and examined against the sediment measurements. Twenty-two previously published total load formulae where applied at the same sections and of these the Colby 1964 formula gave the closest fit to the measured loads. Based on the results from this study a recommended procedure is established for using a spatial total load rating curve to estimate sediment transport rates for similar morphologically complicated rivers. Average annual transport rates during the period 2009-13 was estimated at 3.21 million tons. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: River Geometry and Bed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data sets were determined by direct measurements and analysis of sampled sediment. The results published by Al-Ansari et al (2015) contained most of the datasets, while other datasets were tabulated in Table 4.…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial total load rating curve for a large river: a case study of the Tigris River at Baghdad

Ali

Al‐Ansari

Al-Suhail

et al. 2019

International Journal of River Basin Management

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“…The adjustment of the Manning friction coefficient was used to match water level to field data. About 74% of the Tigris River bed within Mosul city is very coarse gravel (Othman and Deguan 2004), while the bed of the Tigris River within Baghdad city is mainly covered by sand (Ali et al 2012;Al-Ansari et al 2015). Manning coefficients in the Tigris River (Table 5) were selected based on values reported by Chow (1959).…”

Section: The Tigris Rivermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic and Total Dissolved Solids Model of the Tigris River Using CE-QUAL-W2

Al-Murib

Wells

2019

Environ. Process.

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The headwaters of the Tigris River basin in Iraq is controlled by Turkey due to a series of dams constructed over the last few decades. Since Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in the Tigris River within Baghdad and downstream cities can reach 1000 mg/L exceeding both drinking water and irrigation guidelines, a hydrodynamic and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, of the river was developed to understand how changes in flow affect TDS downstream. A model of 880 km of the Tigris River from Mosul Dam to Kut Barrage including Tharthar Lake was constructed for 2009. Model development was challenging due to a lack of in-situ measurements for calibration. Comparison of flow measurements and model predictions at downstream locations agreed well with field measurements, with model flow errors generally less than 2%. We evaluated the effect of changing upstream flow cond itions on total dissolved solids concentrations in the Tigris River in order to see how headwater flow control affects TDS. A sensitivity study suggested that increasing upstream river flow by 15% results in about a 5% decrease in TDS concentration. It was recommended to maintain an average annual flow in the Tigris River within Baghdad above 420 m 3 /s to keep total dissolved solids concentration below 500 mg/L and to strictly control flows through Tharthar Lake and irrigation return flows into the mainstem of the Tigris River.

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“…Some researchers have developed relationships with the sediment transport depending upon the amount of discharge passing through the river. The annual sediment load passing through the Euphrates River within Al Anbar province for various studies was estimated to be between 1.9 * 10 6 tonne/year and 2.1 * 10 7 tonne/year (Al-Ansari et al 2015Al-ansari et al 1988;Khassaf and Al-Rahman 2005;Sulaiman et al 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of sediment transport empirical equations: case study of the Euphrates River West Iraq

et al. 2021

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Sediment transport in rivers is an important and complex process. It is very important to know the nature and quantities of sediments transported in course of rivers to achieve prudent water management. Due to the presence of most of the important projects on or near the banks of the river in the study area, so there is always a fear that these projects will be affected by the processes of erosion, transport, and sedimentation among the decision makers. Therefore, there is a need to develop our knowledge of the suitable equations that can be applied with acceptable accuracy to obtain satisfactory results for monitoring the processes of erosion, sedimentation, and transport that occur in River path to monitor and anticipate the changes taking place in the areas of the riverbanks. This study was carried out to check the reliability of different sediment transport formulas using data collected from the Euphrates River at the thermal power station in Al Anbar province, Iraq. The study also aimed to select the best formula for this site. Hydrological data have been collected. These were used for computing the total sediment load in the river at a specified cross-section using common sediment transport formulas ascribed to Ackers-White, Bagnold, Yang, Colby, Shen and Hung, and Engelund-Hansen. The performance of these formulas was assessed based on the accuracy of the predictions of the observed sediment load within a limited discrepancy ratio. The evaluations showed that the Engelund-Hansen formula represented the best formula for this river reach.

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Flow of River Tigris and its Effect on the Bed Sediment within Baghdad, Iraq

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Spatial total load rating curve for a large river: a case study of the Tigris River at Baghdad

Spatial total load rating curve for a large river: a case study of the Tigris River at Baghdad

Hydrodynamic and Total Dissolved Solids Model of the Tigris River Using CE-QUAL-W2

Evaluation of sediment transport empirical equations: case study of the Euphrates River West Iraq

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