Flow Interactions of Small Cylindrical Protuberances and the Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

Visualization of Type IV shock–shock interference induced by a cylindrical protuberance mounted normal to a hollow cylinder

“…Therefore, the study of the flow physics of the Type IV shock-shock interference is beneficial to the reduction in the heat-transfer-rate peak. By employing the Schlieren technique, the ''k'' shock structure was observed upstream of the protuberances when they are mounted on a flat plate (Ö zcan and Holt 1984;Stephen et al 2014). The typical structures of Type IV shock-shock interference were also observed by some researchers (Edney 1968;Bertrand et al 1996).…”

“…Protuberances such as connectors, lugs, and fins are encountered in almost all practical air vehicles (Sedney 1973). Due to the additional drag and local high-temperature concerns, it is a big challenge for them to be applied to the supersonic and hypersonic vehicles (Stephen et al 2014). Korkegi (1971) pointed out that the most severe aerodynamic heating is due to the interaction of an externally generated shock with the bow shock of a blunt body.…”

Numerical study on strut insertion based thrust vectoring control system

“…The high-pressure regions developed ahead of protuberances, such as pins, probes, tabs, vortex generators and struts, have been used for flight control (Stephen et al , 2014). A protuberance can be placed on the external surface of the flying vehicle (Massey et al , 2005) for aerodynamic control or inside the diverging section of the CD nozzle (Samar et al , 2010) for thrust vectoring(Rose and Sridhar, 2021).…”