Flow Injection Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Soluble Pharmaceutical Tablets by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Ultrasound for Sample Preparation

Abstract

A simple and rapid continuous manifold for sample dissolution based on ultrasound energy is evaluated for flow injection determination of calcium and magnesium in pharmaceutical tablets by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Several parameters that could influence the dissolution process were evaluated by Plackett-Burman experimental designs. The obtained results showed that samples were easily dissolved with ultrapure water at room temperature at a flow-rate of 6 mL min -1 under the action of ultrasound energy during 30 seconds. The analytical method was characterized and the limit of detection and limit of quantification for the two metals were 2.8 and 9.5 mg g -1 for Ca and 7.5 and 25 µg g -1 for Mg, respectively. The sampling frequency of the system was about 50 samples per hour, with repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation, in the range 0.5 and 3.0% for both metals. The proposed methodology was successfully applied to determine calcium and magnesium in multivitamin tablets.

A Green Analytical Method Using Ultrasound in Sample Preparation for the Flow Injection Determination of Iron, Manganese, and Zinc in Soluble Solid Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…Nevertheless, only three works were found in the literature reporting the use of continuous ultrasound-assisted approaches for dissolution of water soluble samples. These works were developed by our investigation team and are based on continuous milk powder water reconstitution for determination of zinc and iron, and on calcium and magnesium determination in soluble pharmaceutical tablets [ 13 – 15 ].…”

Spectrofluorimetric determination of magnesium ions in water, ampoule, and suspension samples using a fluorescent azothiazol‐benzenesulfonamide derivative

“…The LOD value of Mg 2+ using an M-sensor was 18.0 ng ml À1 , which was less than the total concentration of Mg 2+ ions in the real pharmaceutical samples. Atomic absorption spectrometry 0.08-0.40 μg ml À1 Effervescent tablets [17] Atomic absorption spectrometry 10-200% of the formula Mg 2+ content Tablets [18] Flame atomic absorption spectrometry Up to 8.5 μg ml À1 Tablets [19] Flame atomic absorption spectrometry 0.05-0.40 mg L À1 Multivitamin granulated formulation [20] Spectrophotometry 0.5-3.5 μg ml À1 Tablets [10] Spectrophotometry 0-20 mg L À1 Tablets [23] HPLC 0.00-0.04 mg ml À1 Tablets…”

“…Several methodologies have been published for magnesium detection in different environmental samples, these includes X-ray atomic spectrometric methods, [5] electrochemical methodologies, [6] atomic absorption spectroscopic methods, [7] flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods, [8] ion-selective electrode methods, [9] derivative spectrophotometric methods, [10] high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [11] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [12] colorimetric methods, [13] graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods [14] and fluorescence methods. [15] In addition a few methodologies have been published for the determination of magnesium in different pharmaceutical samples, for example electrochemical methodologies, [16] atomic absorption spectroscopic methods, [17,18] flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods, [19,20] ion-selective electrode methods, [21] derivative spectrophotometric methods, [10] HPLC, [22] and colorimetric methods. [23] These analytical methodologies still have some drawbacks, such as full sample consumption, requirement for complex technologies steps, the necessity for use of time-consuming and costly machinery and the need for skilled operators.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials

“…Continuous ultrasonic dissolution was explored by Yebra as a means of facilitating the dissolution of pharmaceutical tablets prior to analysis using FAAS. 121 Several experimental parameters were evaluated using Plackett-Burman experimental design for on-line sonication and dilution of the samples within a FI manifold. Powdered samples were placed in a column within the dissolution circuit of the FI manifold.…”