Flow injection analysis NMR (FIA–NMR): a novel flow NMR technique that complements LC–NMR and direct injection NMR (DI–NMR)

Abstract

Details of a new flow NMR technique

Practical aspects of real-time reaction monitoring using multi-nuclear high resolution FlowNMR spectroscopy

“…Fast-injection methods, including stopped-flow NMR techniques, have been developed to overcome this, although these typically use a static sample that is discarded after measurement. [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Capturing fast events that are naturally occurring in a flowing sample during the reaction, however, is not limited by the pump delay but the NMR acquisition parameters.…”

Chemical-shift referencing and resolution stability in gradient LC–NMR (acetonitrile:water)

“…Some of these conclusions also apply to isocratic on-flow experiments, and some apply to solvent-gradient stopped-flow experiments. These conclusions should also apply to other flow NMR methods such as flow-injection-analysis NMR (FIA-NMR) [60] and direct-injection NMR (DI-NMR) techniques [43] such as VAST or BEST. They may also apply to conventional (i.e., 5 mm) tube-based experiments when the samples either have temperature gradients or use solvent mixtures that may not be sufficiently well mixed.…”

Chemical-shift referencing and resolution stability in methanol:water gradient LC–NMR

“…Some of these conclusions also apply to isocratic on-flow experiments, and some apply to solvent-gradient stopped-flow experiments. Some of these conclusions also apply to other flow-NMR methods such as flow-injection-analysis NMR (FIA-NMR) [14] and direct-injection NMR (DI-NMR) techniques [11] such as VAST or BEST. Some also apply to conventional (i.e., 5-mm) tube-based experiments where the samples either have temperature gradients or use solvent mixtures that may not be sufficiently well mixed.…”