Flow-induced aggregation of plankton at a front: a 2-D Eulerian model study

Epstein, Ari W.; Beardsley, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00086-2

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2.1 (and previous models such as [10] or [14]) is significant: when the organisms can be swept away by the plume-relative flow, the amplitude will not build up nearly as much.…”

Section: Physical Effects In Mass Baymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Frontal models of accumulation often have localized convergence but velocities extending far from the front (e.g., [10] have a − tanh(x) flow); these models argue that the accumulation will be modest if the front has localized velocities or lasts for times which are not tremendously long compared to L/|∇φ|.…”

Section: Appendix 2: Circular and Non-symmetric Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However prey in the ocean may differ from a true Lagrangian particle by swimming, and this may result in the formation of patches. As an example, the role of convergent fronts in aggregating zooplankton has been the focus of several different studies [10,13,15,19]. While the details of each investigation differ, the main message is consistent between them: as neutrally buoyant or actively swimming organisms are swept towards a convergent front, the concentration of organisms will increase at the front as the flow sinks and the organisms are left behind (either by actively swimming or being constrained to a depth surface).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SCOPEX team ruled out in situ growth and social behavior as likely causes for the observed high-concentration patches in the southwestern GOM. The physical side, however, was not ruled out, and in fact some evidence for a coupled physicalbiological aggregating mechanism was observed [10,13].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Copepod Aggregations: Influences of Physics and Collective Behavior

Flierl

Woods

2014

J Stat Phys

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Dense copepod aggregations form in Massachusetts Bay and provide an important resource for right whales. We re-examine the processes which might account for the high concentrations, investigating both horizontally convergent flow, which can increase the density of depth-keeping organisms, and social behavior. We argue that the two act in concert: social behavior creates small dense patches (on the scale of a few sensing radii); physical stirring brings them together so that they merge into aggregations with larger scales; it also moves them into areas of physical convergence which retain the increasingly large patch. But the turbulence can also break this apart, suggesting that the overall high density in the convergence zone will not be uniform but will instead be composed of multiple transient patches (which are still much larger than the sensing scale).

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“…2.1 (and previous models such as [10] or [14]) is significant: when the organisms can be swept away by the plume-relative flow, the amplitude will not build up nearly as much.…”

Section: Physical Effects In Mass Baymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Appendix 2: Circular and Non-symmetric Geometriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Copepod Aggregations: Influences of Physics and Collective Behavior

Flierl

Woods

2014

J Stat Phys

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“…[8] Many recent studies have suggested that plankton may aggregate along frontal boundaries due to the interaction between the physical flow field and plankton swimming [e.g., Tyler and Seliger, 1978;Olson and Backus, 1985;Franks, 1992Franks, , 1997Epstein and Beardsley, 2001;Hetland et al, 2002]. Although these reports are useful for a general understanding of the interactions between plankton and circulation, the spatial scales of frontal circulation are considerably smaller than those of coastal downwelling, and are thus not directly applicable to the case of coastal downwelling.…”

Section: Conceptual Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent blooms of Karenia brevis along the Texas coast

Hetland¹,

Campbell²

2007

Geophysical Research Letters

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A numerical model of wind‐driven surface flow in the Gulf of Mexico is used to examine physical controls on harmful algal bloom formation along the Texas coast. Karenia brevis, which blooms frequently in the Gulf of Mexico, has a relatively slow growth rate (doubling times of 2–3 days). Increases in K. brevis concentration cannot be explained simply in terms of growth. We hypothesize that the primary mechanism responsible for bloom formation in the western Gulf of Mexico is convergence due to downwelling at the coast. Convergence along the Texas coast caused by seasonal downwelling winds can concentrate the plankton up to 1000 times. This is surprising because the modeled cells do not grow; the simulated increase in concentration is due to physical processes alone. The numerical model qualitatively reproduces both the timing and magnitude of bloom initiation along the coast, but does not predict the details of the migration of the bloom along the coast after it has formed, or the destruction of the bloom. The result of this simulation is significant because it implies that K. brevis blooms may be caused primarily by physical processes and that cell division is not an important factor in bloom formation.

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