Flow improver additives for gas condensate

Kuzmić, Ana Erceg; Radošević, Marko; Bogdanić, Grozdana; Vuković, Radivoje

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.11.033

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…7−9 PPDs can be divided into non-comb type and comb type. The former includes ethylene−butene copolymers, ethylene−vinyl acetate copolymers, 10,11 and alkyl aromatics, 12 whereas the latter usually have long alkyl chains, including poly(alkyl methacrylates), 13 α-olefin copolymers, 14 and maleic anhydride (MA) polymers. 3,15−17 Recently, increasing attention has been paid to methacrylate (MC), MA, and methacrylamide (MCNR 2 ) copolymers (MC−MA−MCNR 2 ), which typically contain highly polar functional groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great many kinds of polymers have been developed and used as PPDs to influence the behavior of the paraffin crystal formation. − PPDs can be divided into non-comb type and comb type. The former includes ethylene–butene copolymers, ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers, , and alkyl aromatics, whereas the latter usually have long alkyl chains, including poly(alkyl methacrylates), α-olefin copolymers, and maleic anhydride (MA) polymers. ,− Recently, increasing attention has been paid to methacrylate (MC), MA, and methacrylamide (MCNR 2 ) copolymers (MC–MA–MCNR 2 ), which typically contain highly polar functional groups. , However, in-depth research on the mechanism and effect of the PPDs is necessary. High polarity may attain a surfactant characteristic, which is a basic prerequisite for dispersant potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Terpolymers Consist of Methacrylates with Maleic Anhydride and Methacrylic Morpholine and Their Amine Compound as Pour Point Depressants in Diesel Fuels

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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Long-chain alkyl (i.e., tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octodecyl) methacrylate (MC), maleic anhydride (MA), and methylamidemorpholine (MCNR 2 ) were used in this study to prepare a series of MC−MA−MCNR 2 terpolymers and their amine compounds (MC−MA−MCNR 2 −a) to obtain efficient pour point depressants (PPDs) for diesel fuel. The MC−MA− MCNR 2 and MC−MA−MCNR 2 −a terpolymers were successfully synthesized and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The effects of the addition of the PPDs on the solid point (SP) and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of diesel fuel were also investigated. Furthermore, the interactions between the additives and wax crystals were elucidated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and rheological mechanics. Results indicate that all of the terpolymer PPDs significantly improved the performance of 0 # diesel fuel samples at low temperature. PPDC2 displayed the best performance in decreasing the SP and CFPP of diesel fuel by 19 and 11°C, respectively. In addition, DSC analysis showed that the terpolymer PPDs reduced the temperature of paraffin precipitation of diesel fuel. However, POM analysis showed that addition of the PPDs did not prevent wax precipitation completely but merely shifted the precipitation toward a lower temperature. Moreover, the addition of the terpolymer PPDs remarkably decreased the viscosity of diesel fuel.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Terpolymers Consist of Methacrylates with Maleic Anhydride and Methacrylic Morpholine and Their Amine Compound as Pour Point Depressants in Diesel Fuels

Zhou

Chen

et al. 2015

Energy Fuels

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“…The experimental results of earlier studies revealed that polarity of side chains of the polymer additives may be key factor in depressing pour point of lubricants. [28,34] The citral-acrylate copolymers, because of their more polar nature, encountered better against the deposition of wax crystals and therefore showed better performances as PPD compared to homopolymer (P-1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Eco‐Friendly Multifunctional Lube Oil Additives: Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation

Dey

Ghosh

2021

ChemistrySelect

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Homo polymer of dodecyl acrylate (DDA) and its copolymers with citral at different percentage composition (w/w) were synthesized by free radical polymerization method. The characterization of all the polymers was carried out through FTIR, NMR and GPC (gel permeation chromatography) analysis. The performance of all the prepared polymers as viscosity index improver (VII), pour point depressant (PPD) and antiwear (AW) additive in two different base oils (BO1 and BO2) were evaluated by standard ASTM methods. The results showed that all the polymers are good as VII, AW and PPD additives. AW and PPD properties of copolymers are better compared to homopolymer. Out of the three additive properties, PPD properties of copolymer (P-2) was remarkably improved upto À 26°C for at 1 % (w/w) in base oil compared to homopolymer of dodecyl acrylate (À 18°C at 1 % w/w) as confirmed by photo micrographic analysis. The thermal stability of the polymers was determined by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The stability against thermal degradation increases with increasing citral content in the acrylate backbone. Moreover the copolymers were eco-friendly which was confirmed by biodegradability test (Disc Diffusion and Soil Burial Test method).

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“…At present, according to the polymer structure classification, it can be divided into non-comb-type and comb-type. The former includes polyvinyl (chloride), polyvinyl acetate (EVA), and alkyl aromatics, , whereas the latter includes poly(meth) acrylates-alkyl, polymaleic anhydrides, α-olefin copolymers, etc. − However, these polymers do not solve the problem of wax separation. Heteroatom compounds are usually used as the wax crystal dispersing agent to inhibit the wax crystal growth and agglomeration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Wax Dispersant for Diesel

Zheng

Wang

Liu³

et al. 2014

Energy Fuels

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In this paper, the content and carbon number distribution of n-alkanes in the three diesel fuels were analyzed by high-temperature gas-phase chromatography. The diesel distillation ranges were determined by a distillation analyzer. Phthalic anhydride−polyethylene glycol ester (PAP) was prepared by using phthalic anhydride and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the reactant; after that, PAP was reacted with hexadecanol to produce PAPE. The expected products were identified by 1 H NMR spectra. Factors such as the molecular mass of PEG on the wax dispersant for the diesel effect of PAP and PAPE for Yanhua hydrogenation diesel were studied. It is shown that the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) can be depressed 5 and 4 °C, respectively. The compositions of wax dispersant and the pour point depressants (PPDs) were investigated. At the same time, the suppressing wax separation test was evaluated, and the effects on reducing the CFPP of diesel oils were studied also. The results showed that the complex of wax dispersant and PPD with vinyl acetate monomer had good synergism. What's more, both PAP and PAPE have the effect on depressing the CFPP for three diesel samples for a certain degree; besides, it had the function of suppressing the wax separation.

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Flow improver additives for gas condensate

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Synthesis and Evaluation of Terpolymers Consist of Methacrylates with Maleic Anhydride and Methacrylic Morpholine and Their Amine Compound as Pour Point Depressants in Diesel Fuels

Synthesis and Evaluation of Terpolymers Consist of Methacrylates with Maleic Anhydride and Methacrylic Morpholine and Their Amine Compound as Pour Point Depressants in Diesel Fuels

Potential Eco‐Friendly Multifunctional Lube Oil Additives: Synthesis, Characterization and Performance Evaluation

Synthesis and Evaluation of Wax Dispersant for Diesel

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