Flow enforcement algorithms for ATM networks

Dittmann, Lars; Jacobsen, S.B.; Moth, K.

doi:10.1109/49.76632

Cited by 60 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…However, most of the work so far has focused on transmission and traffic regulation over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks [8], [26], of which perhaps the simplest example is the Leaky Bucket controller [24]. Video over ATM was of interest because of two reasons: 1) ATM was thought of as one of the candidate transport technologies for future broadband integrated services data networks (B-ISDN) all the way to the end user and 2) ATM networksareabletoprovideQuality-of-Service(QoS)guarantees .…”

Section: Network/coder Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadcast quality video over IP

Sevetto

Nahrstedt

2001

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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Abstract-We consider the problem of designing systems for the transmission of video signals of the quality found in current television broadcasts, over high-speed segments of the public IP network. Our most important contribution is the definition of a network/coder interface for IP networks which gathers channel state information, and then sets parameters of the video coder to maximize the quality of the signal delivered to the receiver, while remaining fair to other data or video connections. This interface plays a role analogous to that of a Leaky Bucket controller, in that it specifies traffic shaping parameters which result in simultaneous good Quality-of-Service (QoS) for the source and good network performance. Since the network is not assumed to provide any form of QoS guarantee, fundamental to our construction is a hidden Markov model for the channel, based on which the interface solves a problem of optimal stochastic control, to decide how to configure the encoder. Other contributions are a) modifications to the standard Internet transport protocol, to make it suitable for the transport of delay-constrained traffic and to gather channel state information, and b) the design of an error-resilient video coder. Experimental studies reveal that the proposed system is able to stream video signals of the quality of current TV-broadcasts, among hosts in wide-area networks connected to the experimental vBNS backbone.

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Section: Network/coder Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 And is a probability measure on the number of packets that will be lost during the transmission of the th GOP. 9 B.…”

Section: A Dynamical System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadcast quality video over IP

Sevetto

Nahrstedt

2001

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

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“…We next review the results of several studies that have e v aluated the various tra c models with respect to these two requirements 26,86,87,88,103]. We note that these studies do not focus on the six tra c models we just discussed but rather consider the tra c policing mechanisms upon which these tra c models are based: jumping window, moving window, and leaky bucket.…”

Section: Discussion Of Tradeo Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimedia Networks with Deterministic Quality-of-Service Guarantees

Liebeherr¹,

Wrege²

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Future integrated-services networks are expected to support applications with a wide range of service requirements. The most demanding applications require a bounded-delay service that provides deterministic (i.e., worst-case) bounds on network latencies for all packets. To provide such d e l a y guarantees, a network must allocate network resources such as bandwidth and bu er space to individual connections. However, since resource availability is limited, the network must carefully manage its resources in order to ensure a high achievable network utilization.Two components are central to the design of a network with a bounded-delay service: the tra c characterization method used to specify tra c on a connection, and the packet scheduling discipline at network switches that determines the transmission order of packets queued at output bu ers. The choice of each component determines a tradeo between achievable network utilization and implementation overhead. In particular, a tra c characterization should accurately describe the actual arrivals on a connection so that a large number of connections can be supported, but it must also conform to a simple parameterized model that the network can easily monitor and enforce. Similarly, a packet scheduling discipline should be sophisticated enough to support tight d e l a y constraints at high loads, but it must also have a simple implementation so that packets can be processed at the speed of the transmission link.This dissertation presents novel methods for tra c characterization and packet scheduling that are practical for implementation yet yield a high network utilization in a boundediii iv delay service. The rst problem considered is the characterization of compressed digital video, an important tra c type that is both high in bandwidth usage and has a variable bit rate (VBR). A novel tra c characterization method is presented that is shown to accurately specify the tra c of VBR video sources. This characterization method is based on approximating an optimal tra c characterization that is itself impractical because of two signi cant drawbacks: (1) the need for a large number of parameters that are computationally expensive to produce, and (2) the inability of the network to monitor or enforce the optimal tra c characterization. Our characterization method addresses both of these problems by determining a subset of its parameters that can be computed quickly and using these parameters to determine a tra c characterization that can be easily enforced by simple tra c policing mechanisms.A n o vel packet scheduling discipline, referred to as Rotating-Priority-Queues + (RPQ + ), is developed that is near-optimal in the sense that it can approximate the optimal EarliestDeadline-First (EDF) discipline with arbitrary precision. The advantage of the RPQ + scheduler over EDF is in its computational overhead: while an implementation of EDF requires the sorting of packets which is impractical for high-speed networks, RPQ + avoids the need for sorting by using a set of...

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“…If a violation of this contract is detected, the policing mwhanism will enforce the original contractual parameters by an appropriate action. This action can be either celldropping [2] or throttling the source bit-rate [3]. The policing mechanism must fulfill the following requirements: l-It must be capable of detecting and taking a swift controlaction, whenever a violation occurs, on real-time basis.…”

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confidence: 99%

A neural network controller using reinforcement learning method for ATM traffic policing

Tarraf

Habib

Saadawi

Proceedings of MILCOM '94

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In this paper, a Neural Network (NN) controller using reinforcement learning method for ATM traffic policing is presented. The mechanism is based upon an accurate estimation of the probability density function (pdf) of the traffic via its count process and the design of a NN critic function capable of evaluating the system performance in terms of the pdf violation. The pdf-based policing is made possible only by NNs. This is due to the fact that pdf policing requires complex calculations, in real-time, at very high rates which is not feasible via conventional mathematical approaches. The architecture of the NN policing mechanism is composed of critic function and control function. The critic function uses two inter-connected NNs. The first NN is trained to learn the pdf of an "ideal nonviolating" traffic, whereas the seeond NN is trained to capture the "actual" characteristics of the "actual" offered traffic during the progress of the call. The output of both NNs (which is an accurate estimate of the traffic bit-rate fluctuations in the next measurement period) is compared. Consequently, an error signal is generated whenever the pdf of the offered traffic violates its "ideal" case. The error signal is, then, used by the critic function to produce an evaluation signal based upon a certain performance measure. A reinforcement learning method uses the evaluation signal to adjust the weights of a third NN, in the control function that generates a control signal capable of maximizing the system performance (i.e., minimization of the traffic violations). The reported results prove that our policing mechanism is very effective in detecting (and controlling) all possible kinds of traffic violations. I, INTRODUCTIONAsynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the technology recommended by CCITT [I] to provide voice, data, image, and video services using a single integrated broadband network. The ATM solution is flexible enough to support a diverse mixture of multimedia traffic with different correlations and burstiness properties. Not only does the different types of multimedia traffic differ in their statistical characteristics but also in their service requirements, from the network, specified by the quality of service (QOS). Due to the absence of a channel structure in ATM-based networks, the user's traffic can easily overwhelm the network resources leading to serious congestion problems. Traffic enforcement (policing) is required to control the user's traffic to an agreed "contract" determined at the call set-up phase. The policing mechanism controls the traffic via a set of user declared descriptors or parameters such as the peak bit-rate, mean bit-rate, and the burst duration. These parameters are also used by the connection acceptance control (CAC) algorithm that 0-7803-1828-5/94 $4.00 0 1994 IEEE decides to accept a new connection on the link if the required QOS is guaranteed for the new connection while maintaining the QOS of the existing connections. Hence, at the call set-up phase, a traffic contract is "agreed-upon" be...

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Flow enforcement algorithms for ATM networks

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

Broadcast quality video over IP

Broadcast quality video over IP

Multimedia Networks with Deterministic Quality-of-Service Guarantees

A neural network controller using reinforcement learning method for ATM traffic policing

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