Flow Cytometry: Clinical Applications in Equine Medicine

Davis, Elizabeth G.; Wilkerson, Melinda J.; Rush, Bonnie R.

doi:10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0404:fccaie>2.3.co;2

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…9,10 Diagnostic tests that can differentiate between excessive platelet consumption versus lack of production of platelets in the bone marrow include mean platelet volume, 11 platelet factor 3, 12 bone marrow biopsy, flow cytometric analysis detecting thiazole orange-positive (reticulated) platelets, 13 and flow cytometric assay for platelet surface IgG. [14][15][16] In this case series, 1 bone marrow biopsy was examined and no increase or decrease was found in the megakaryocyte line, which along with the clinical course of the disease, tends to support a consumptive process. An attempt to identify IgG on the surface of the platelets by using flow cytometry was done in 1 foal at 4 days of age (day 2 of hospitalization when the foal had a platelet count of 2,000 platelets/L) and the result was negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostic evaluation of fu-ture foals with this syndrome should include flow cytometric analysis for platelet-associated antibodies, direct measurement of antibodies bound to platelets, indirect measurement of binding of mare antibodies to foal platelets by using radiolabeled antiglobulin reagent staphylococcal protein A or anti-equine IgG as a cause, or a combination of these. [14][15][16] Other supportive data would include testing of stallion platelets with mare plasma and colostrum, testing the foal platelets against the mare colostrum, and confirming that the mare did not have antibodies bound to her own platelets. In humans, most autoantibodies to platelets are directed against platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, the most abundant and immunogenic platelet surface glycoprotein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

Perkins¹,

Miller²,

Divers³

et al. 2005

J Vet Int Med

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This report describes transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia, and mild neutropenia in 6 foals from 4 mares from geographically diverse regions of the United States. The foals presented at Ͻ4 days of age with oral and lingual ulcers, and crusting and erythema around the eyes, muzzle, and perineal, inguinal, axillary, trunk, and neck regions. There was a severe thrombocytopenia (0-30,000 platelets/L), leukopenia (1,200 white blood cells/L), and mild neutropenia (500-1,800 neutrophils/ L). Four of the 6 foals had petechiae and ecchymotic hemorrhages and 3 had bleeding tendencies. Results of examination of a bone marrow biopsy from 1 foal were normal and results of a platelet surface immunoglobulin test in another were negative. Histopathology of the skin in all foals showed subepidermal clefting with subjacent vascular dilation, dermal hemorrhage, and superficial papillary necrosis. The foals were treated supportively with broad-spectrum antibiotics (5/6), corticosteroids (3/6), gastric ulcer prophylaxis (6/6), whole-blood transfusion (4/6), and platelet-rich plasma (1/6). The skin lesions and thrombocytopenia (Ͼ50,000 platelets/L) improved in 2 weeks (4/6). Two foals had a decline in their platelet counts when the steroids were decreased and needed protracted treatment. All foals survived and were healthy as yearlings. Two mares that had 2 affected foals each, upon subsequent pregnancies to different stallions, had healthy foals when an alternate source of colostrum was given. The findings in the cases in this report suggest a possible relationship between colostral antibodies or some other factor in the colostrum and the thrombocytopenia and skin lesions, although further investigation is warranted to confirm or refute this hypothesis.Key words: Dermatopathy; Horse; Neutrophil; Platelet; Skin.T he purpose of this paper is to describe a syndrome of transient ulcerative dermatitis, severe thrombocytopenia with bleeding tendencies, and neutropenia in neonatal foals. The physical examination, clinicopathologic, clinical progress, and histopathology of skin biopsy findings of 6 neonatal foals from geographically diverse regions of the United States will be presented. Materials and MethodsThe medical records of 6 neonatal foals examined between 1998 and 2002 with a transient ulcerative dermatitis and severe thrombocytopenia were summarized. The foals were seen at 3 referral hospitals throughout the United States, including Cornell University Hospital for Animals, Ithaca, NY (n ϭ 2), Washington State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Pullman, WA (n ϭ 2), and Peterson and Smith Equine Hospital, Ocala, FL (n ϭ 2). A CBC and skin biopsy were performed on all foals. The skin biopsies were fixed in formalin and the slides were evaluated by 1 dermatologist (WHM) retrospectively for the purposes of publication. Data collected from the record included the signalment and parity of the mare and events (medications, illness, and vaccinations) that occurred during pregnancy and parturition, the health of t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

Perkins¹,

Miller²,

Divers³

et al. 2005

J Vet Int Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…5 Assays with isotypespecific antibodies to equine immunoglobulins can elucidate the class of cell-bound antibodies. 6 The horse described in this report was negative for a direct Coombs test. A negative Coombs test does not rule out IMHA and it is estimated that approximately 30% of humans and canines with IMHA are negative on a Coombs test.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

T‐Cell Lymphoma with Immune‐Mediated Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in a Horse

McGovern

Lascola

Davis

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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A 13-year-old 480-kg mixed breed gelding was examined because of a 2-day history of anorexia, fever, mild colic, and icterus.Three days before the onset of clinical signs, the horse received vaccinations for rabies, tetanus, West Nile virus, Western equine encephalomyelitis, and Eastern equine encephalomyelitis.On examination the horse was quiet, alert, and responsive. Heart rate was 54 beats/min, respiration rate was 18 breaths/min, and temperature was 37.9°C. Mucous membranes and sclera of the eyes were markedly icteric and capillary refill time was 2 seconds. Heart, lung, and abdominal auscultation were within normal limits. Peripheral lymph nodes were not enlarged and no abnormalities were detected on the remainder of the physical examination.Naso-gastric intubation revealed no net gastric reflux. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a small area of moderately thickened (0.8 cm) ventral colon. Thoracic ultrasound did not reveal abnormalities. Rectal examination revealed splenomegaly but was otherwise within normal limits. Abdominocentesis was attempted but peritoneal fluid was not obtained.Complete blood count (CBC) revealed anemia (PCV 16%; reference range 33-42%) and thrombocytopenia (26,000/lL [reference range 100,000-600,000/lL]). Total white blood cell count and differential were within normal limits. Cytological evaluation of peripheral blood revealed rare nucleated red blood cells but otherwise abnormalities were not detected. Serum biochemistry abnormalities were limited to hyperglycemia (135 mg/ dL; reference range 60-107 mg/dL) and hyperbilirubinemia (10.9 mg/dL; reference range 0.5-2.5 mg/ dL). Direct and indirect bilirubin values were not measured. Total protein (TP) was 6.1g/dL (reference range 5.5-7.5 g/dL). Hyperfibrinogenemia was detected (275 g/dL; reference range 125-262 g/dL). Venous blood gas analysis a identified hyperlactatemia (7.1 mmol/L; reference range <1 mmol/L) but was otherwise normal. Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were normal. A direct Coombs test was negative.ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (Coggins test) for equine infectious anemia and ELISA for Anaplasma phagocytophilum were negative.Volume replacement included lactated Ringer's b (20 mL/kg bolus followed by 2 mL/kg/h IV maintenance). Urine specific gravity (USG) after the initial fluid bolus was 1.025 and dipstick analysis did not reveal any abnormalities. Following the fluid bolus, PCV was 13% and TP 5.6 g/dL. The horse was lethargic and tachycardic (66 beats/min). Commercial fresh frozen plasma c was administered (4 mL/kg IV). Cross matching was performed and 8 L whole blood was administered from a donor horse. Treatment included dexamethasone d (0.2 mg/kg, IV, q24h), trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole e (TMS) (30 mg/kg, PO, q12h), and sucralfate f (20 mg/kg, PO, q6h). Because of the history of colic, feed was withheld for the first 18 hours. No signs of colic or fever were noted. The day after initial examination the horse was brighter and vital parameters were within normal limits. PCV was 17% and blood l...

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“…Infectious disease involving the spleen may be ruled out through serologic or molecular techniques. In the current report marked cytopenia was investigated through testing for immune-mediated disease to determine the presence of platelet surface associated immunoglobulin (Davis et al 2002), Coombs testing, equine infectious anaemia ELISA testing and ruling out Anaplasma phagocytophilum through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Definitive diagnosis in this report was based on necropsy examination that revealed a markedly enlarged spleen that appeared mottled and congested.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Davis

2018

Equine Veterinary Education

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Flow Cytometry: Clinical Applications in Equine Medicine

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

Ulcerative Dermatitis, Thrombocytopenia, and Neutropenia in Neonatal Foals

T‐Cell Lymphoma with Immune‐Mediated Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in a Horse

Hypersplenism

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