Flow cytometry analysis of endothelial cells and subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells in murine tumor models

Blanchard, Lucas; Vina, Estefania; Asrir, Assia; Tardiveau, Claire; Coudert, Juliette; Laffont, Robin; Tarroux, Dorian; Bettini, Sarah; Veerman, Krystle; Lafouresse, Fanny; Pichery, Mélanie; Mirey, Emilie; Bellard, Elisabeth; Ortéga, Nathalie; Girard, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101444

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To validate the anti-tumor immune mechanisms, flow cytometry analysis wa formed on immune cells in lymph nodes and tumor tissues after staining with m antibodies [43][44][45]. The results in Figure 14A-D demonstrate that in the R-A grou…”

Section: Immune Response In Vivomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To validate the anti-tumor immune mechanisms, flow cytometry analysis was performed on immune cells in lymph nodes and tumor tissues after staining with multiple antibodies [43][44][45]. The results in Figure 14A-D demonstrate that in the R-A group, the percentage of mature DCs (CD80+ CD86+) in lymph nodes increased, while the numbers of effector memory T cells (Tems, CD8+ CD44+ CD62L−) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8+ IFNγ+) in tumors increased, accompanied by a decrease in Tregs cells (CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+).…”

Section: Immune Response In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Conjugate of Rhein–Artesunate for Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death to Prepare Cancer Vaccine and Suppress Tumor Growth

Xu,

Wang,

Huang

2024

Chemistry

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The conjugate of rhein and artesunate have shown promising effects in inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and inhibiting tumor growth. Rhein, a natural anthraquinone derivative found in various medicinal plants such as Rheum palmatum, possesses diverse pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Artesunate, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted from Artemisia annua, exhibits potent antimalarial efficacy and has garnered attention for its potential anticancer properties. Through rational drug design, the conjugation of rhein with artesunate has yielded compounds capable of selectively targeting mitochondria of cancer cells, inducing oxidative stress-mediated ICD, and enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor cells. The conjugate leverages the inherent cytotoxicity of artesunate while incorporating the capability to selectively target the mitochondria of rhein, thereby fostering a special approach to immunotherapy for cancer. Upon accumulation in the mitochondria, these compounds induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) reduction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Notably, the conjugate exhibits far more potent ICD-inducing properties than their parent compounds. In vivo studies have demonstrated that the vaccine, when treated with the conjugate, effectively suppresses tumor growth.

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Section: Immune Response In Vivomentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Immune Response In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conjugate of Rhein–Artesunate for Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death to Prepare Cancer Vaccine and Suppress Tumor Growth

Xu,

Wang,

Huang

2024

Chemistry

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“…Analyses have confirmed that M protein is vital for assembling, S protein is for cellular receptor entry, and N and E proteins appear to be potential pore forming proteins [ 13 , 14 ]. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), spectral flow cytometry (FACS), and mass cytometry (CyTOF) can detect markers enabling phenotypic analysis of all immune cell subsets [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. It is noteworthy that antibody proteins involved in testing for SARS-CoV-2 infections have variable factors and human antibody concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms

Brown¹,

Ojha²,

Fricke³

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist. Historical pandemics include smallpox and influenza, with efficacious therapeutics utilized to reduce overall disease burden through effectively targeting a competent host immune system response. The immune system is composed of primary/secondary lymphoid structures with initially eight types of immune cell types, and many other subtypes, traversing cell membranes utilizing cell signaling cascades that contribute towards clearance of pathogenic proteins. Other proteins discussed include cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL), and chemokines (CXC). The historical concepts of host immunity are the innate and adaptive immune systems. The adaptive immune system is represented by T cells, B cells, and antibodies. The innate immune system is represented by macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and the complement system. Other viruses can affect and regulate cell cycle progression for example, in cancers that include human papillomavirus (HPV: cervical carcinoma), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV: lymphoma), Hepatitis B and C (HB/HC: hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T cell Leukemia Virus-1 (T cell leukemia). Bacterial infections also increase the risk of developing cancer (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Viral and bacterial factors can cause both morbidity and mortality alongside being transmitted within clinical and community settings through affecting a host immune response. Therefore, it is appropriate to contextualize advances in single cell sequencing in conjunction with other laboratory techniques allowing insights into immune cell characterization. These developments offer improved clarity and understanding that overlap with autoimmune conditions that could be affected by innate B cells (B1+ or marginal zone cells) or adaptive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and other pathologies. Thus, this review starts with an introduction into host respiratory infection before examining invaluable cellular messenger proteins and then individual immune cell markers.

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“…Technological advancement since 2017 has also allowed greater phenotypic analysis and therefore it is clearer now that SARS-CoV-2 proteins do have different host roles with M protein vital for assembly spike protein S for receptor entry, N protein but also E protein a potential pore forming protein [5,6]. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), spectral flow cytometry (FACS) and mass cytometry (CyTOF) can detect markers enabling phenotypic analysis of all immune cell subsets [7][8][9][10]. SARS-CoV-2 infects cells via respiratory pathways and type II pneumocytes using angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as the predominant receptor for entry [11] Disruption and infection of type II pneumocytes expressing ACE2 occurs through phospholipid membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and Humoral Immunity and Infection Responses to SARS-CoV-2:Immune Biomolecular Mechanisms by Case Study within SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Other Infections

Brown¹

2022

Preprint

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The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was caused by a positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) exist, of which Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV (SARS) showed higher mortality rates without causing a pandemic. As of December 2022, SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in over 6.6 million deaths worldwide through an array of acute to chronic pathologies. Historical pandemics include smallpox and influenza with efficacious therapeutics utilized to reduce overall disease burden. Therefore, immune system process analysis is required to compare innate and adaptive immune system interactions. Lymphatic system organs include bone marrow and thymus using a network of nodes throughout which white blood cells traverse glycolipid membranes utilizing cytokines and chemokine gradients that affect cell development, differentiation, proliferation, and migration processes as well as genetic factors affecting cell receptor expression. Innate processes involve antigen-presenting cells and B lymphocyte cellular responses to pathogens relevant to other viral and bacterial infections but also in oncogenic diseases. Such processes utilize cluster of differentiation (CD) marker expression, major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), pleiotropic interleukins (IL) and chemokines. The adaptive immune system consists of Natural Killer (NK) and T cells. Other viruses are also contributory to cancer including human papillomavirus (cervical carcinoma ), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ( lymphoma), hepatitis B and C (hepatocellular carcinoma) and human T cell leukemia virus-1 (adult T-cell leukemia). Bacterial infections also increase the risk of developing cancer( e.g. H. pylori). Therefore, as the above factors can cause both morbidity and mortality along-side being transmitted within clinical and community settings, it is appropriate to now examine advances in single cell sequencing, FACS analysis and many other laboratory techniques that allow insights into discoveries of newer cell types. These developments offer improved clarity and understanding that over-lap with known autoimmune conditions that could be affected by innate B cell or T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, this review quantifies and outlines the nature of specific receptors and proteins relevant to clinical laboratories and medical research by documenting both innate and adaptive immune system cells within current coronavirus immunology case study data and other pathologies to date.

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Flow cytometry analysis of endothelial cells and subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells in murine tumor models

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

The Conjugate of Rhein–Artesunate for Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death to Prepare Cancer Vaccine and Suppress Tumor Growth

The Conjugate of Rhein–Artesunate for Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death to Prepare Cancer Vaccine and Suppress Tumor Growth

Innate and Adaptive Immunity during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Biomolecular Cellular Markers and Mechanisms

Cellular and Humoral Immunity and Infection Responses to SARS-CoV-2:Immune Biomolecular Mechanisms by Case Study within SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Other Infections

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