Flow‐Cytometric Analysis of Erythrocytic Blood Group A Antigen Density Profile

Berneman, Zwi; Bockstaele, Dirk R. Van; Uyttenbroeck, Wim; Zaelen, C Van; Cole‐Dergent, Joséphine; Muylle, L.; Peetermans, M.

doi:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1991.tb00958.x

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…Many other investigators have also looked at cell to cell density differences by FC. Arndt/Garratty FC has been useful in studying ABH antigens [41,42]. The number of antigen sites, the density distribution, and dosing effects (zygosity) and phenotype-related differences of normal RBCs has been determined by some.…”

Section: Detection and Quantitation Of Red Blood Cell Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis in Red Blood Cell Immunology

Arndt¹,

Garratty²

2004

Transfus Med Hemother

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Flow cytofluorometry (FC) is primarily used in the clinical laboratory for the analysis of white blood cells but also has applications in the study of red blood cell (RBC) immunology. When studying RBCs by FC it is important to avoid agglutination of the RBCs, which ironically is the endpoint for most immunohematologic assays. When studying low levels of RBC-bound antibody or RBC antigens with low copy number, background noise due to autofluorescence and nonspecific binding need to be taken into account. It is also important to ensure that reagents (e.g. antisera) used by FC have been standardized for use by FC. Applications of FC in RBC immunology include i) detection and quantitation of globulin (RBC-bound or free in serum), ii) detection and quantitation of RBC antigens, and iii) detection and quantitation of mixed cell populations. FC can be used to differentiate the amount of IgG on strongly IgG-coated RBCs, as well as to detect small amounts of RBC-bound IgG. FC has been used to quantitate antibody that is free in serum, e.g. anti-D in a pregnant woman or in immune globulin preparations. Many RBC antigens have been studied by FC to determine the number of antigen sites, the density distribution, and phenotype-related differences (e.g. zygosity). FC has been found to be very useful for studying mixed cell populations; applications include fetomaternal hemorrhage quantitation, determination of survival/ clearance of transfused RBCs, phenotyping of transfused patients’ RBCs, evaluation of bone marrow transplant engraftment, and study of RBC chimerism and mosaicism.

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Section: Detection and Quantitation Of Red Blood Cell Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis in Red Blood Cell Immunology

Arndt¹,

Garratty²

2004

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…Single chain Fab fragments or Fv fragments should not agglutinate at all, but the avidity is often low with current preparations. Fixation of cells may reduce agglutination, but will also affect antibody binding [7].…”

Section: Agglutination and Antibody Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, flow cytometry reveals information about the distribution of antigen densities [7,9]. Rh antigens generally show a single peak [9] while ABO antigens are wide-based [7].…”

Section: Overview Of Flow Cytometry Applications In Immunohematologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After bone marrow transplantation, the number of donor-type and recipient-type red blood cells may be checked [7,17]. After transfusion, the survival of transfused red blood cells may be determined, if these carry a specific antigen [18] or are labeled in vitro before transfusion [19].…”

Section: Quantitation Of Subpopulations Defined By Specific Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both direct or indirect immunofluorescence may be used. Flow cytometry has been applied to determine absolute antigen densities for ABO [7] and Rh [8][9][10]. The antigen density of weak D cells may be quantitized [8,10,11].…”

Section: Overview Of Flow Cytometry Applications In Immunohematologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles and Applications of Red Blood Cell Flow Cytometry

Wagner¹,

Flegel²

1998

Transfus Med Hemother

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Objective: In this review we address principles and important applications of flow cytometry in immunohematology. Sources and Criteria: Some studies of the theoretical back-ground and recent publications of current applications were selected. Results: The direct, indirect and two-color fluorescence as well as the ‘one-antigen-one-antibody’ model are addressed. Possible standardizations and quality controls are discussed. Flow cytometric analyses with erythrocytes bear special problems such as agglutination, which is of lesser im-portance with other cells types. Possible applications include the quantitation of antigen density, antibody concentration, red blood cell bound immunoglobulin, and red blood cell sub-populations. Conclusion: Red blood cell flow cytometry is very sensitive, has a high potential for automatization, and hence may gain importance especially for many routine tasks in the future.

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Applications of flow cytofluorometry to red blood cell immunology

Garratty

Arndt

1999

Cytometry

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Flow‐Cytometric Analysis of Erythrocytic Blood Group A Antigen Density Profile

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis in Red Blood Cell Immunology

Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis in Red Blood Cell Immunology

Principles and Applications of Red Blood Cell Flow Cytometry

Applications of flow cytofluorometry to red blood cell immunology

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