Flow-Controlled and Clock-Distributed Optical Switch and Control System

Xue, Xuwei; Pan, Bitao; Guo, Xiaotao; Calabretta, Nicola

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2022.3156613

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, the switch controlling overhead should be independent of the network scale. Considering the scale of practical DCNs, which typically comprise hundreds of thousands servers, switch control mechanism needs to be performed in parallel and independently for every optical switch, not a network-wide scale schedule [123]. In addition, for the label control mechanism, the edge nodes should be time-synchronized connected to the optical switches at a very fine granularity (ideally few nanoseconds) to align the label signals and corresponding data packets [4].…”

Section: Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Switching Data Center Networks: Understanding Techniques and Challenges

Zhao,

Xue,

Ren

et al. 2023

Comput. Networks Commun.

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Relying on the flexible-access interconnects to the scalable storage and compute resources, data centers deliver critical communications connectivity among numerous servers to support the housed applications and services. To provide the high-speeds and long-distance communications, the data centers have turned to fiber interconnections. With the stringently increased traffic volume, the data centers are then expected to further deploy the optical switches into the systems infrastructure to implement the full optical switching. This paper first summarizes the topologies and traffic characteristics in data centers and analyzes the reasons and importance of moving to optical switching. Recent techniques related to the optical switching, and main challenges limiting the practical deployments of optical switches in data centers are also summarized and reported.

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Section: Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Switching Data Center Networks: Understanding Techniques and Challenges

Zhao,

Xue,

Ren

et al. 2023

Comput. Networks Commun.

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show abstract

“…circuits, such as all-digital CDR [11][12], gated VCO CDR [13], and over-sampling CDR [14][15][16], either lack practical integration in OPS transceivers or can only achieve microsecond-level data recovery [17][18]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient nanosecond CDRs to meet the demands of nanosecond OPS networks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Analysis of a Nanosecond Burst-Mode CDR Using MATLAB/Simulink and Opti-System Co-Simulation

Zhang,

Li,

Yin

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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Abstract-Optical packet switching (OPS) networks are promising to accommodate the growing traffic and reduce power consumption in data center communications. OPS networks with nanosecond switching time require nanosecond clock and data recovery (CDR) circuits. The nanosecond CDR can be achieved by utilizing a global frequency-synchronized reference clock for both transmitters (TX) and receivers (RX) and adopting a phase compensation scheme, which leads to predictably managed frequency and phase. However, the CDR still needs to be comprehensively evaluated considering various interferes. We add more analysis by developing a novel optoelectronic co-simulation system that combines the software Opti-system and MATLAB/Simulink. We set up a simple OPS network equipped with the CDR architecture using the simulation system. The feasibility of the CDR mechanism is validated, then various interferes are characterized to evaluate the CDR's stability, including the location variation of reference clock source, channel jitters, and carrier power variations. Index Terms-Data center networks, optical packet switching network, clock and data recovery, MATLAB/Simulink, Optisystem I. INTRODUCTIONATA centers are being rapidly deployed in various organizations, including companies, institutions, and government offices. These centers host a growing number of applications like scientific computing, deep learning, and financial analysis, resulting in increased demand for bandwidth in data center communication networks [1][2][3]. Current data center networks are dominated by multi-tier electrical switch networks. However, the bandwidth limitations of electrical processing chips and the power consumption associated with frequent electrical-optical conversions pose challenges [4][5][6]. To overcome these issues, optical packet switch (OPS) networks have emerged as a promising solution due to their high bandwidth capacity and elimination of electrical-optical conversions [7][8][9]. Given that many applications in data centers produce short traffic packets, OPS networks with nanosecond configuration time are required, which also necessitates the development of CDR with nanosecond locking time [10]. Existing burst-mode CDR Manuscript

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