Flow characteristics of rivers in northern Australia: Implications for development

Petheram, Cuan; McMahon, TA; Peel, Murray C.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.008

Cited by 98 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The terrain is dissected by many drainage depressions, although relief and slope gradients are low (median gradient is 2.3% [85]). The climate is dry-tropical with two distinct seasons; a summer wet season between October and March, and a dry season between April and September [86]. The mean-annual rainfall (1900-2012) is 686 mm year −1 , but exhibits high interannual variability linked to the phase of the Southern Oscillation, with drought conditions coinciding with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and wetter periods accompanying anti-ENSO (La Niña) events [87,88].…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of UAV and Ground-Based Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Koci

Jarihani

Leon

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Abstract:Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) is increasingly used in geoscience investigations, but has not been thoroughly tested in gullied savanna systems. The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of topographic models derived from aerial (via Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, 'UAV') and ground-based (via handheld digital camera, 'ground') SfM-MVS in modelling hillslope gully systems in a dry-tropical savanna, and to assess the strengths and limitations of the approach at a hillslope scale and an individual gully scale. UAV surveys covered three separate hillslope gully systems (with areas of 0.412-0.715 km 2 ), while ground surveys assessed individual gullies within the broader systems (with areas of 350-750 m 2 ). SfM-MVS topographic models, including Digital Surface Models (DSM) and dense point clouds, were compared against RTK-GPS point data and a pre-existing airborne LiDAR Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Results indicate that UAV SfM-MVS can deliver topographic models with a resolution and accuracy suitable to define gully systems at a hillslope scale (e.g., approximately 0.1 m resolution with 0.4-1.2 m elevation error), while ground-based SfM-MVS is more capable of quantifying gully morphology (e.g., approximately 0.01 m resolution with 0.04-0.1 m elevation error). Despite difficulties in reconstructing vegetated surfaces, uncertainty as to optimal survey and processing designs, and high computational demands, this study has demonstrated great potential for SfM-MVS to be used as a cost-effective tool to aid in the mapping, modelling and management of hillslope gully systems at different scales, in savanna landscapes and elsewhere.

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Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of UAV and Ground-Based Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Koci

Jarihani

Leon

et al. 2017

IJGI

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“…In addition, challenges to agricultural expansion in northern Australia include uncertain land and water tenure, high development costs and lack of existing water infrastructure, logistics and technical constraints, lack of human capital and distance to markets, all factors that may restrict land clearing. It is well understood that the availability and cost of water for irrigated, or irrigation-assisted agriculture is critical for viable agriculture in northern Australia (Petheram et al, 2008(Petheram et al, , 2009. Australian governmental policies currently support small-scale, precinct or project-scale approaches, based on well-understood water and soil resources, where water allocation is capped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the relative importance of greenhouse gas emissions from current and future savanna land use change across northern Australia

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The clearing and burning of tropical savanna leads to globally significant emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs); however there is large uncertainty relating to the magnitude of this flux. Australia's tropical savannas occupy the northern quarter of the continent, a region of increasing interest for further exploitation of land and water resources. Land use decisions across this vast biome have the potential to influence the national greenhouse gas budget. To better quantify emissions from savanna deforestation and investigate the impact of deforestation on national GHG emissions, we undertook a paired site measurement campaign where emissions were quantified from two tropical savanna woodland sites; one that was deforested and prepared for agricultural land use and a second analogue site that remained uncleared for the duration of a 22-month campaign. At both sites, net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 was measured using the eddy covariance method. Observations at the deforested site were continuous before, during and after the clearing event, providing high-resolution data that tracked CO 2 emissions through nine phases of land use change. At the deforested site, post-clearing debris was allowed to cure for 6 months and was subsequently burnt, followed by extensive soil preparation for cropping.During the debris burning, fluxes of CO 2 as measured by the eddy covariance tower were excluded. For this phase, emissions were estimated by quantifying on-site biomass prior to deforestation and applying savanna-specific emission factors to estimate a fire-derived GHG emission that included both CO 2 and non-CO 2 gases. The total fuel mass that was consumed during the debris burning was 40.9 Mg C ha −1 and included above-and below-ground woody biomass, course woody debris, twigs, leaf litter and C 4 grass fuels. Emissions from the burning were added to the net CO 2 fluxes as measured by the eddy covariance tower for other postdeforestation phases to provide a total GHG emission from this land use change.The total emission from this savanna woodland was 148.3 Mg CO 2 -e ha −1 with the debris burning responsible for 121.9 Mg CO 2 -e ha −1 or 82 % of the total emission. The remaining emission was attributed to CO 2 efflux from soil disturbance during site preparation for agriculture (10 % of the total emission) and decay of debris during the curing period prior to burning (8 %). Over the same period, fluxes at the uncleared savanna woodland site were measured using a second flux tower and over the 22-month observation period, cumulative net ecosystem exchange (NEE) was a net carbon sink of −2.1 Mg C ha −1 , or −7.7 Mg CO 2 -e ha −1 .Estimated emissions for this savanna type were then extrapolated to a regional-scale to (1) provide estimates of the magnitude of GHG emissions from any future deforestation and (2) compare them with GHG emissions from prescribed savanna burning that occurs across the northern Australian savanna every year. Emissions from current rate of annual savanna deforestation across northern Austral...

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“…There is a steep decreasing gradient in rainfall from the coast inland with average seasonal rainfall varying from 400 to 1500 mm. More than 70% of rainfall falls during summer months (December-February), runoff variability is high [33,34], and discharge from rivers and creeks occurs in large pulses associated with intense but brief storms. [23] and major roads and towns.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Non-Photosynthetic Vegetation in a Semi-Arid Rangeland

Jackson

Prince

2016

Remote Sensing

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Land degradation in drylands is the process in which undesirable conditions emerge due to human and natural causes. Despite the particularly deleterious effects of degradation, and it's potentially irreversible nature, regional assessments have provided conflicting extents, rates, and severities of degradation, both globally and regionally. Current monitoring of degradation relies upon the detection of green, photosynthetically active parts of vegetation (e.g., leaves). Less is known, however, about the effect of degradation on the non-photosynthetic components of vegetation (e.g., wood, stems, leaf litter) and the relationship between photosynthetic vegetation (PV), non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), and bare soil under degraded conditions (BS). The major objective of the study was to evaluate regional patterns of fractional cover (i.e., PV, NPV, BS) under degraded and non-degraded NPP conditions in a managed rangeland in north Queensland, Australia. Homogenous environmental conditions were identified and each of NPP, PV, NPV, and BS were scaled according to their potential, reference values. We found a strong spatial and temporal correlation between scaled NPP with both scaled PV and scaled BS. Drastic differences were also found for PV and BS between degraded and non-degraded conditions. NPV displayed similarity to both PV and BS, however no clear relationship was found for NPV in all areas, irrespective of degradation conditions.

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Flow characteristics of rivers in northern Australia: Implications for development

Cited by 98 publications

References 42 publications

Assessment of UAV and Ground-Based Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Assessment of UAV and Ground-Based Structure from Motion with Multi-View Stereo Photogrammetry in a Gullied Savanna Catchment

Quantifying the relative importance of greenhouse gas emissions from current and future savanna land use change across northern Australia

Degradation of Non-Photosynthetic Vegetation in a Semi-Arid Rangeland

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