Flow behavior and processing map for hot deformation of ATI425 titanium alloy

Correlation among the Power Dissipation Efficiency, Flow Stress Course, and Activation Energy Evolution in Cr-Mo Low-Alloyed Steel

“…The creation of the AE maps requires the calculation of activation energy values under all thermomechanical conditions. In most cases, however, the activation energy is considered to be a material constant (so-called apparent activation energy) or, at most, strain dependent [21,26,[51][52][53][54]. In order to deal with the activation energy as a strain, strain rate, and temperature dependent parameter, the method utilized, e.g., in [55,56] has been employed.…”

“…Since the end of the 2nd millennium, hot processing maps, introduced on the basis of the dynamic material model (DMM), have been being broadly used in the sense of the optimization of hot forming processes (forging, rolling, etc.) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. It is well known that the processing map displays the distribution of power dissipation efficiency and metallurgical instability in the strain rate–temperature coordinates under the specific value of strain.…”

“…The above approach has been employed to study the hot working behavior of various materials which were prepared and formed by different methods and subsequently used for different applications—for instance, steels: Fe-11Mn-10Al-0.9C duplex low-density steel susceptible to κ-carbides [ 3 ], as-extruded 42CrMo high-strength steel [ 4 ], 25Cr3Mo3NiNb steel [ 5 ], 10CrMo9-10 steel [ 6 ], 34CrNiMo medium carbon steel [ 7 ], medium carbon steel, microalloyed by B and Ti [ 8 ], medium-carbon bainitic steel [ 9 ], 43CrNi steel [ 10 ], high-carbon/low-carbon steel composite [ 11 ], 347H austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel [ 12 ], high-titanium Nb-micro-alloyed steel [ 2 ]; nickel alloys: Ni-based superalloy [ 13 ], P/M nickel-based superalloy [ 14 ], IN-718 superalloy [ 15 ], NiTiNb shape memory alloy [ 16 ]; aluminum alloys: as-extruded 7075 [ 17 ], 5052 alloy [ 1 ], B 4 C/6061Al nanocomposites fabricated by spark plasma sintering [ 18 ]; titanium alloys: Ti-15-3 [ 19 ], Ti-6242 [ 20 ], ATI425 [ 21 ], TC21 [ 22 ]; zirconium alloys: reactor-grade alpha-zirconium [ 23 ], Zr-2.5Nb [ 24 ]; and some other alloys: AZ31-1Ca-1.5 vol% nano-alumina composite [ 25 ], Cu–Cr–Zr–Nd alloy [ 26 ], Pb-Mg-10Al-0.5B alloy [ 27 ], Fe 3 Al intermetallic alloy [ 28 ], etc.…”

Simulation and Experimental Study of Dynamical Recrystallization Kinetics of TB8 Titanium Alloys

“…The top die was set so as to move along the central axis of the deformed samples. The friction type between the sample and the die is usually considered as shear friction [ 31 ]. The value of the friction coefficient was set to be 0.3.…”

Uniform nanosized oxide particles dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy fabricated involving hydrothermal method and hot isostatic pressing

“…As the deformation temperature and strain rate both affect the deformation behavior [49], the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z), which means the deformation rate factor of temperature compensation, was used to reveal the coupling effects of strain rate and temperature on flow stress [50]:…”