Flour infested with<i>Tribolium castaneum,</i>biscuits made of this flour, and 1,4‐benzoquinone induce neoplastic lesions in Swiss albino mice

El‐Mofty, M.M.; Khudoley, V. V.; Sakr, Saber A.; Fathala, N. G.

doi:10.1080/01635589209514176

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Quinones can make infested flour unsuitable for human consumption and, flour may reach the point where it becomes toxic. Quinones are acutely toxic and allergenic as well as carcinogenic to human beings [5,32,33].…”

Section: Effect Of T Castaneum Adult Emergence On Bqs (Sum Both Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Insect Densities Tribolium Castaneum on the Benzoquinone Secretions and Aflatoxins Levels in Wheat Flour During Storage Periods

El-Desouky¹,

El-Badawy²,

Hussain³

et al. 2018

TOBIOTJ

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Objectives: The present study was prepared to investigate the impact of insect density, adult emergence of Tribolium castaneum on the secretion of Benzoquinones (BQs) consist of methyl-1,4-benzoquinone(MBQ) and Ethyl-1,4-Benzoquinone (EBQ), and accumulation of Aflatoxins (AFs) in wheat flour stored at different periods. Methods: Forty grams of wheat flour were put into small glass jars (8 cm diameter and 12 cm length). Then T. castaneum was put in each jars at rates of 10, 20 and 30 unsexed pairs of insect adult. The jars were covered with muslin cloth and the rubber band was fixed to prevent insects to escape. A glass jar without any insects served as the control. The jars lifted on bench in the laboratory for two, three and four months of storage under laboratory temperature conditions (with average 28 ± 20C and 65±5 R.H). The previous design was replicated three times. At the end of each storage period, the jars containing the flour were sieved thoroughly by 40 wire mesh size to separate the insects. The insects have been counted on the other hand wheat flour was prepared to determine MBQ, EBQ and AFs by HPLC methods. Results: The results indicated the levels of EBQ higher than MBQ in all infested samples at all insect densities (No. of insect pairs). The concentrations of MBQ in wheat flour released by ten adult pairs (10P) with the three storage periods two, three and four months were 10.42 ± 0.56, 22.38 ± 3.67, 27.06 ± 6.71µg/g, respectively. These results increased with insect densities to (30p) were 39.67 ± 0.10, 63.58 ± 2.35 and 106.24 ± 7.4 µg/g after storage periods two, three and four months, respectively. In addition to the concentrations of EBQ with (10P) were 67.45 ± 3.64, 98.0 ± 6.1 204.66 ± 5.8 µg/g with storage periods two, three and four months, respectively. In case (30P) the levels of EBQ were 376.7 ± 0.87, 570.1 ± 2.11 and 1558.66 ± 10.88 (µg/g). The highest concentration of the BQs 1664.90 ± 11.43 (µg/g) released by T. castaneum achieved with the highest adult emergence (1021 insect adult) and the highest insect density (30p) at four months storage period. In general, AFs levels enhanced with a period of storage and insect densities. Conclusion: Levels of the BQs (MBQ and EBQ) increased with an increase of storage periods and insect densities. Therefore, the presence of this insect should be prevented in stored wheat flour reducing AFs contamination is possible by storage for short time and prohibit insects which causes an increase temperature of the flour and moisture, all of which promote production of AFs.

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Section: Effect Of T Castaneum Adult Emergence On Bqs (Sum Both Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Insect Densities Tribolium Castaneum on the Benzoquinone Secretions and Aflatoxins Levels in Wheat Flour During Storage Periods

El-Desouky¹,

El-Badawy²,

Hussain³

et al. 2018

TOBIOTJ

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“…The authors of the study concluded that baking temperature did not minimize the carcinogenic effect of flour infested with T. castaneum beetles. El-Mofty et al (1992) continued their research in an experiment on Swiss albino mice administered flour infested by the red flour beetle, biscuits made of contaminated flour as well as 1,4-benzoquinone. Ca.…”

Section: Carcinogenicity and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The carcinogenic effects of benzoquinones produced by the flour beetle

Lis¹,

Bakuła²,

Baranowski³

et al. 2011

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Humans and animals come into contact with various compounds in their natural environment. Most of the encountered substances are neutral, yet some may carry adverse health effects. The ingested food may be a source of harmful substances, including benzoquinones which, as shown by research results cited in this paper, demonstrate toxic, carcinogenic and enterotoxic activity. This group of compounds is inclusive of 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ) and 2-ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (EBQ), defensive secretions of the confused flour beetle (Tribolium confusum J. du V) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst). Benzoquinones have a carcinogenic effect, they are inhibitors of growth of various microorganisms, they produce a self-defense mechanism in threat situations and affect population aggregation. As noted by the referenced authors, the properties of benzoquinones have not been fully researched to this date.

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“…Methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (MBQ), and ethyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (EBQ) are the major components of these defensive secretions (Eisner et al, 1998). Many studies indicated that benzoquinones secreted by flour beetles may have toxic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals, (El-Mofty et al, 1992 andElhassanen andEl-Mofty 2003). The results of the reviewed studies indicate that benzoquinones secreted by flour beetles infesting the flour or grains may have a toxic effect on humans and animals, Elbadawy et al (2015).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quinones are both acutely toxic, allergenic, and even carcinogenic to human beings (Ladisch et al, 1967). In addition El-Mofty et al, (1992) the researchers of the study founded that, the baking temperature did not minimize the carcinogenic effect of biscuits made from flour infested with T. castaneum beetles and the mutagenic effects on mice were still evident after contaminated flour had been cooked and consumed, also, concluded that Tribolium spp. are the only storage pests producing carcinogenic and teratogenic contaminants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Flour Infested with Stored Grain Insects Causes Cytotoxicity of Human Skin and Lungs Cells?

Abdelfattah

Hassan²

2020

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology

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In the present study two different cell cultures, derived from human skin melanocyte (HFB4) and Human Lung Fibroblast (ATCC) (WI-38) were used to examine. Three insects from two orders; Lepidoptera: Ephestia kueniella and Coleoptera: Trogoderma granarium & Tribolium castaneum were reared to study. Lung cells were the most sensitive than melanocyte. T. castaneum was recorded the most cytotoxicity than other insects in general. T. castaneum was the higher toxic in melano cells while T. granarium was the higher toxic in lung cells. However, morphological changes in treated cells were observed compared to non treated cells. Our results indicate that grains and its products infested with stored grain insects caused toxic and death to cells which it exposure.

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Flour infested withTribolium castaneum,biscuits made of this flour, and 1,4‐benzoquinone induce neoplastic lesions in Swiss albino mice

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Impact of Insect Densities Tribolium Castaneum on the Benzoquinone Secretions and Aflatoxins Levels in Wheat Flour During Storage Periods

Impact of Insect Densities Tribolium Castaneum on the Benzoquinone Secretions and Aflatoxins Levels in Wheat Flour During Storage Periods

The carcinogenic effects of benzoquinones produced by the flour beetle

Does Flour Infested with Stored Grain Insects Causes Cytotoxicity of Human Skin and Lungs Cells?

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