Flotation selectivity and upgrading of Woxna fine graphite concentrate

Lu, Xianjun; Forssberg, Eric

doi:10.1016/s0892-6875(01)00168-6

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In coal column flotation testing, the highest separation efficiency is attained using either a rougher-scavenger-scavenger-cleaner or a rougher-scavengercleaner flotation configuration [14]. In graphite flotation with scrubbing treatment for high selectivity, more stages of cleaner flotation only resulted in decreased recovery, with no improvement in grade [16]. The study concludes that the efficacy of the cleaner flotation is influenced by the nature of the feed-to-cleaner circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Separation of Carbonaceous Matter from Refractory Gold Ore Using Multi-Stage Flotation: A Case Study

2021

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As a pre-treatment method of refractory gold ore, carbonaceous matter (C-matter) flotation was investigated with multi-stage flotation by rougher, scavenger, and cleaner stages. Different dosages of kerosene and MIBC (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) were applied and the optimum dosage was selected by testing in each flotation stage. With the combination of each stage, four circuit designs were suggested, which were a single-stage rougher flotation (R), rougher-scavenger flotation (R+S), rougher-scavenger-scavenger cleaner flotation (R+S+SC), and rougher-rougher cleaner-scavenger-scavenger cleaner flotations (R+S+RC+SC). The results indicated that the scavenger flotation increased C-matter recovery but reduced C-matter grade compared with single-stage rougher flotation. Cleaning of the scavenger flotation concentrate improved C-matter grade significantly, but reduced recovery slightly. Cleaning of the rougher flotation concentrate achieved overall improved selectivity in flotation. A combination of rougher-scavenger flotation followed by cleaning of both concentrates (R+S+RC+SC) resulted in 73% C-matter recovery and a combined cleaner concentrate grade of 4%; the final tailings C-matter grade was 0.9%, where the C-matter remaining in the tailings was locked, and fine grained. The results demonstrate the need for the multi-stage flotation of C-matter from refractory gold ore to achieve selective separation and suggested the potential of C-matter flotation as the pre-treatment for efficient gold production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Separation of Carbonaceous Matter from Refractory Gold Ore Using Multi-Stage Flotation: A Case Study

2021

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“…Remaining graphite can be separated from silica sand by using froth flotation due to the hydrophilicity difference (i.e. graphite is hydrophobic and silica sand is hydrophilic) (Lu and Forssberg, 2001). Diekmann et al (2017) have proposed a second stage liberation by using a cutting mill, the active material fine particles concentrate were recovered by using air classifier, this method resulted in 75% recovery.…”

Section: = − Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering lithium cobalt oxide, aluminium, and copper from spent lithium-ion battery via attrition scrubbing

Widijatmoko

Zheng

et al. 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Highlights Attrition scrubbing is effective in selectively concentrating LiCoO2. Attrition scrubbing improves liberation efficiency from 34% to 77%. Attrition produces a precursor for hydrometallurgical processes. Electrostatic separator is used to recover copper and aluminium. AbstractIn this manuscript, the results show that the single-stage liberation by using a cutting mill is sub-optimum. From the analysis, that the size fraction of < 850 µ m only recovers 43.7 wt% LiCoO2. With the recovery of 9.0 wt% aluminium and 10.6 wt% copper the remainder of the copper being in the > 850 µ m size fraction. The low recovery of LiCoO2 is caused by the particles that are still adhering on to the surface of the aluminium current collector. This lack of liberation prompted the use of attrition scrubbing as a secondary stage of mechanical treatment. 2.5 min Attrition scrubbing improves the selective liberation of cobalt towards aluminium and copper by 36.6 % and 42.6 % respectively. Attrition induces abrasion and it is shown to liberate the LiCoO2 particles. Results show a minimum of 80 wt% LiCoO2 particles can be recovered in the size fraction of < 38 µ m with 7.0 wt% aluminium 2 and 6.1 wt% copper recovery, making attrition scrubbing a suitable second stage mechanical treatment for the recovery of LiCoO2.

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“…These concentrates were products of multistage flotation-cleaning processes of Rautalampi and Käpysuo ore. The graphite purification method included several steps: alkaline roasting, water washing, sulfuric acid leaching, and drying to remove any impurities within the lattice structure help to attain a highly purified graphite [29][30][31]. The alkali roasting-acid leaching efficiency of pure graphite was investigated with the liquid-solid ratio of 2/1 (w/w) in alkaline roasting and 5/1 (w/w) in acidic leaching.…”

Section: Graphite Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Grade Flake Graphite Deposits in Metamorphic Schist Belt, Central Finland—Mineralogy and Beneficiation of Graphite for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

et al. 2020

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More than 40 m length of drill cores were collected from four boreholes drilled by Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) and Outokumpu Oy in high-grade metamorphic rocks of Rautalampi and Käypysuo, Central Finland. The hosted rocks of the graphite mineralization were mica–quartz schist and biotite gneiss. The graphite-bearing rocks and final concentrated graphite powder were studied with petrographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis (XRD and XRF). A majority of the studied graphite had a distinctly flakey (0.2–1 mm in length) or platy morphology with a well-ordered crystal lattice. Beneficiation studies were performed to produce high-purity graphite concentrate, where rod milling and froth flotation produced a final concentrate of 90% fixed carbon with recoveries between 67% and 83%. Particle size reduction was tested by a ball and an attritor mill. Graphite purification by alkaline roasting process with 35% NaOH at 250 °C and leached by 10% H2SO4 solution at room temperature could reach the graphite purity level of 99.4%. Our analysis suggested that purifying by multistage flotation processes, followed by alkaline roasting and acid leaching, is a considerable example to obtain high-grade graphite required for lithium-ion battery production.

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Flotation selectivity and upgrading of Woxna fine graphite concentrate

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

The Separation of Carbonaceous Matter from Refractory Gold Ore Using Multi-Stage Flotation: A Case Study

The Separation of Carbonaceous Matter from Refractory Gold Ore Using Multi-Stage Flotation: A Case Study

Recovering lithium cobalt oxide, aluminium, and copper from spent lithium-ion battery via attrition scrubbing

High-Grade Flake Graphite Deposits in Metamorphic Schist Belt, Central Finland—Mineralogy and Beneficiation of Graphite for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications

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