Flotation dynamics of metal and non-metal components in waste printed circuit boards

Zhu, Xiangnan; Zhang, Yuan-kang; Zhang, Yi-Qing; Yan, Zhengqing; Nie, Chun-chen; Lyu, Xianjun; Tao, Youjun; Qiu, Jun; Li, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122322

Cited by 57 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…11 Therefore, the real-time monitoring of Hg 2+ remains a significant but challenging topic facing the maintenance of environmental stability. [12][13][14] Up to now, different methods have been employed to detect the toxic heavy metal ions present in water, including colorimetric detection, 15,16 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), 17 surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection, 18 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 19 gas chromatography, 20 electrochemical methods, 21 ion mobility spectroscopy (IMS) 22 and fluorescent sensors. 23,24 The above-mentioned methods except fluorescent sensors bear major drawbacks such as requiring sophisticated instruments, costly and time-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid photoluminescent material from lanthanide fluoride and graphene oxide with strong luminescence intensity as a chemical sensor for mercury ions

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid photoluminescent material from lanthanide fluoride and graphene oxide with strong luminescence intensity as a chemical sensor for mercury ions

et al. 2022

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“…Valuable metals in spent LIBs include Li, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Fe, Al, etc (Zeng and Li, 2014b), and the grade is higher than that of natural ores (Zhu et al, 2020a). While toxic heavy metal substances and corrosive electrolytes in spent LIBs show the potential risks of environment pollution if they are not handled properly (Yang et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2020b;Fu et al, 2019). Therefore, it is essential to find methods for the effective and environmentally friendly recovery of spent LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of leaching efficiency of cathode material of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery by the in-situ thermal reduction

Lu¹,

Jiang²,

Xie³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Green cars and electronic products consume lots of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and massive spent LIBs are yielded due to performance degradation. This paper provides an economical and environmentally friendly approach to recover valuable metals from cathode materials of the spent LIBs. It combines the in-situ thermal reduction (self-reduction by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and residual electrolyte in cathode material) and sulfuric acid leaching. Elements of high valent are reduced by the binder (PVDF) and the residual electrolyte on the surface of NCM(LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2) material at high temperatures. Moreover, the changes in substance type, element valency, and contents of cathode materials reduced with various terminal temperatures and retention time are analyzed by Xray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the optimal terminal temperature for in-situ thermal reduction is 600 °C, and the optimum retention time is 120 min. Under the best in-situ thermal reduction conditions, the results from XRD confirm that part of Ni 2+ is converted to simple substance Ni, Co 3+ is reduced to Co, and Mn 4+ is reduced to Mn 2+ and elemental Mn, which are confirmed by XRD. Analyzed results by XPS indicate that the content of Ni 2+ decreases to 67.05%, and Co 3+ is completely reduced to Co. Mn 4+ is reduced to 91.41% of Mn 2+ and 8.59% of simple substance Mn. In-situ thermal reduction benefits the leaching processes of cathode materials. The leaching efficiencies of Ni, Co, and Mn increase from 53.39%, 51.95%, and 0.71% to 99.04%, 96.98%, and 97.52%, respectively.

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“…On the other hand, fewer studies have been dedicated to investigating improvements in physical separation technologies capable of generating high purity concentrates (or even pure metals) at minimal economic and environmental costs. Nevertheless, some physical separation techniques, such as gravity [18][19][20] and electrostatic [21,22] separation and froth flotation [23][24][25], have received some attention. Among these, gravity separation processes stand out for their relatively low costs and technical versatility, favored by the fact that electronic wastes have individual components of varied densities, from about 0.9 g/cm 3 for plastic substrates to 11.3 g/cm 3 for lead frames.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Physical Separation Route for the Concentration of Base Metals from Old Wasted Printed Circuit Boards

et al. 2021

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Wastes from old electronic devices represent a significant part of the electronic scrap generated in developing countries, being commonly sold by collectors as low-value material to recycling hubs abroad. Upgrading the quality of this waste type could drive the revenue of recyclers, and thus, boost the recycling market. On this basis, this study investigated the possibility of concentrating metals from old wasted printed circuit boards through a physical separation-based route. Preparation of samples comprised fragmentation, size classification, density, and magnetic separation steps, followed by chemical and macro composition analysis. Cu, Al, Fe, and Sn constituted the major metals encountered in the scraps, including some peak concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, Ba, and Mn. Four distinct concentrate products could be obtained after suitable processing: (a) a light fraction composed of plastics and resins; (b) an aluminum concentrate; (c) a magnetic material concentrate, containing mainly iron; (d) a final concentrate containing more than 50% in mass of copper and enriched with nonferrous metals. Preliminary evidence showed that further processes, like the separation of copper wires through drumming, can potentially improve the effectiveness of the proposed processing circuit and should guide future works.

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Flotation dynamics of metal and non-metal components in waste printed circuit boards

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

Hybrid photoluminescent material from lanthanide fluoride and graphene oxide with strong luminescence intensity as a chemical sensor for mercury ions

Hybrid photoluminescent material from lanthanide fluoride and graphene oxide with strong luminescence intensity as a chemical sensor for mercury ions

Improvement of leaching efficiency of cathode material of spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 lithium-ion battery by the in-situ thermal reduction

Development of a Physical Separation Route for the Concentration of Base Metals from Old Wasted Printed Circuit Boards

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