Flotation and depression control of arsenopyrite through pH and pulp redox potential using xanthate as the collector

Valdivieso, A. López; López, A.J.; Escamilla, Carmen Ojeda; Fuerstenau, M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.minpro.2006.06.003

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Different adsorption mechanisms of xanthates on arsenic minerals have been proposed. For realgar (AsS), orpiment (As 2 S 3 ), and arsenopyrite, it is generally agreed that, using ethyl xanthate as a collector, diethyl dixanthogen and arsenic(III) ethyl xanthate are formed as major products on these mineral surfaces, since arsenic in realgar and arsenopyrite is probably oxidized to the +3 state (Persson, 1994;Valli et al, 1994;Kydros and Matis, 1995;López Valdivieso et al, 2003;López Valdivieso et al, 2006). Yekeler and Yekeler (2005) computed that the interaction energy for the formation of (C 2 H 5 SCS 2 ) 2 to be higher than that of (C 2 H 5 OCS 2 ) 2 and hence (C 2 H 5 SCS 2 ) 2 is favored in these formations.…”

Section: Xanthate Induced Flotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature review

Ma¹,

Bruckard²

2009

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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Section: Xanthate Induced Flotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature review

Ma¹,

Bruckard²

2009

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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“…15) Therefore, the low floatability of arsenopyrite is believed to result from poor adsorption of xanthate onto arsenopyrite, due to the ferric arsenate layer that forms on the arsenopyrite surface.…”

Section: ¹mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), and arsenates minerals (scorodite) causes serious environmental pollution, if it is exposed to nature by acid mine drainage; and if it is exposed to human, it damages lung, liver and kidney, causing skin cancer. 15) Thus, it is classified as a toxic element. As such arsenic is a penalty element having a harmful effect on the environment and human, refineries strictly restrict the arsenic contents in concentrate to 0.2 0.3 mass%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Kantar (2002) ), formed on the surface of arsenopyrite (FeAsS), and such arsenic oxide inhibited the adsorption of xanthate on arsenopyrite surface, which resulted in the depression of arsenopyrite. 15) Although much effort has been devoted to separating arsenic sulfide using the flotation process, it is known to be difficult to separate arsenic sulfide from sulfide that does not contain arsenic using flotation, due to their similar surface properties. 16,17) In particular, as the surface properties of arsenopyrite and pyrite (FeS 2 ) are very similar, it is difficult to simply separate them using flotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flotation Behavior of Arsenopyrite and Pyrite, and Their Selective Separation

2015

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This study investigated the effect of pH and pulp potential (E H ) on the floatability of arsenopyrite and pyrite, which are single minerals, in Hallimond tube, by using xanthate as a collector. On this basis, the study further investigated the selectivity index of arsenopyrite and pyrite, using a mixed sample of arsenopyrite and pyrite. To examine the flotation behavior of each mineral by pH change, flotation was carried out at pH 4 and pH 10. The test results showed arsenopyrite had higher floatability at pH 4, regardless of the potassium ethyl xanthate (PEX) concentration. This is because xanthate ion was oxidized to be stable dixanthogen, which was well adsorbed onto arsenopyrite surface, due to the high E H of pulp. Meanwhile, arsenopyrite had relatively lower floatability at pH 10 than at pH 4, which was because the dixanthogen remained unstable, and was not adsorbed onto the arsenopyrite surface, due to the relatively low E H of pulp. Pyrite had low floatability at both pH 4 and pH 10. Just as for arsenopyrite, the result for pH 10 was caused by the low E H of pulp. Yet, interestingly enough, different from the case of arsenopyrite, pyrite at pH 4 had low floatability, despite its high E H . FTIR analysis was performed, to examine the reason for such contradictory behavior. The analysis result showed that this was caused by poor adsorption with xanthate, due to sulfate ion (SO 4 2¹ ) that was generated by the oxidation of pyrite surface in reaction with oxygen in pulp at pH 4. To further investigate the selectivity index (i.e., the pyrite recovery/ arsenopyrite recovery ratio) of arsenopyrite and pyrite, additional flotation tests were carried out on mixed sample of the two minerals. Different from the flotation behavior of single minerals, the results showed that the recovery of arsenopyrite was lower than that of pyrite, and the selectivity index of arsenopyrite and pyrite was the highest when the PEX concentration was the lowest. Such a different trend in flotation behavior of the mixed sample from the flotation behavior of the single minerals was because the surface oxidation reaction of arsenopyrite, which was more affected by E H among the mixed arsenopyrite and pyrite, generated ferric arsenate, a hydrophilic compound, on the surface of arsenopyrite, resulting in poor adsorption with xanthate; in turn, this depressed the floatability of arsenopyrite.

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“…pH 34). 31,45,46) However, the arsenic removal efficiencies obtained from the flotation tests using mixed activators did not meet the warning criteria of arsenic (50 mg/kg) for recycling the tailings, regardless of pH. Hence, to meet the warning criteria, we conducted additional experiments with scavenging tests to maximize the arsenic removal efficiency.…”

Section: Effect Of Activatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Removal from Mine Tailings for Recycling via Flotation

et al. 2013

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In this study, we propose a flotation process to remove the arsenic from Samkwang mine tailings in South Korea, which contained a high arsenic content, in order to render them suitable for recycling. In order to maximize the arsenic removal from the mine tailings, three variables (type of collectors and activators, and solution pH) were systematically investigated. Characterization experiments (X-ray diffraction and electrokinetic property analyses) were carried out to complement the flotation results, and the results showed that the mine tailings were mainly composed of arsenopyrite (FeAsS), arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 , As 4 O 6 ), arsenic pentoxide (As 2 O 5 ) and quartz (SiO 2 ). The flotation results obtained using different collectors (i.e., potassium amyl xanthate (PAX), sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl sulfate) revealed that arsenic removal efficiency was greatest in the presence of PAX, which was explained by the difference in the electrokinetic properties and the interaction type of collectors with arsenic-bearing minerals. Meanwhile, the addition of activators (Na 2 S, CuSO 4 , Na 2 S+CuSO 4 ) and the pulp pH significantly affected the arsenic removal efficiency. The arsenic removal was maximized in the presence of mixed activators (Na 2 S+CuSO 4 ) at low pH. The effect of activator type and pulp pH on the arsenic removal efficiency was attributed to the coupled role of the sulphidization of arsenic oxides (e.g., AS 2 O 3 , AS 4 O 6 and AS 2 O 5 ), the activation of sulphidized minerals, and the formation of dixanthogen. Lastly, based on the results obtained from the parameter optimization tests (i.e., type of collector and activator, and pulp pH), a series of flotation processes consisting of rougher flotation and two subsequent scavenging flotations was designed. The results demonstrated the capability of the process to successfully remove arsenic from Samkwang mine tailings for recycling.

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Flotation and depression control of arsenopyrite through pH and pulp redox potential using xanthate as the collector

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature review

Rejection of arsenic minerals in sulfide flotation — A literature review

Flotation Behavior of Arsenopyrite and Pyrite, and Their Selective Separation

Arsenic Removal from Mine Tailings for Recycling via Flotation

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