Flossing for the management of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults

Sambunjak, Dario; Nickerson, Jason; Poklepovic, Tina; Johnson, Trevor; Imai, Pauline; Tugwell, Peter; Worthington, Helen V

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008829.pub2

Cited by 129 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…14 A Cochrane systematic review by Sambunjak et al 15 analyzed data on the effects of tooth brushing alone versus tooth brushing plus flossing, in terms of plaque accumulation, gingivitis, and caries. The authors concluded that there is some evidence showing greater gingivitis reduction with the additional use of dental floss; however, only weak evidence was found to support greater plaque reduction with the addition of floss.…”

Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

et al. 2014

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Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35Abstract: Epidemiological data on the periodontal health and oral hygiene practices of young individuals in Latin America are limited. This study was conducted in a sample of 355 first-year students randomly selected from 3,251 new students entering the largest university in Colombia. Participants received a periodontal examination and were interviewed about oral hygiene practices. Specifically, this study assessed the relationship between oral hygiene practices (including smoking tobacco) and plaque accumulation and/or periodontal bleeding on probing (BOP). Participants had extensive plaque accumulation and BOP, with a mean O´Leary plaque index of 56% and mean BOP of 37%. Both measures were higher for proximal surfaces. Plaque indices of at least 50% were not associated with any oral hygiene factors; however, plaque index and use of dental floss were associated with a BOP of at least 50%. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in female than in male participants. Only 5% of participants reported smoking tobacco. On average, participants had 2.7 ± 4.6 pockets of at least 4 mm (18% of participants had ≥ 5 and 9% of participants had ≥ 10 pockets of this depth, respectively). On average, participants had 2.1 ± 4.4 sites with clinical attachment loss of at least 2 mm (15% and 6% of participants had ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 sites with this level of loss). Only 8% of participants were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis, and no participants were diagnosed with severe periodontitis. In conclusion, although participants had high levels of plaque and BOP, signs of advanced destructive periodontal disease were minimal.

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Section: Clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal conditions of Colombian university students aged 16 to 35

et al. 2014

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“…GI and BOP values of the bodybuilders and gingivitis groups were similar (P > 0.05). The healthy periodontal condition in group H may be the result of relatively better oral hygiene practices such as flossing, and relatively lower number of smokers in group H compared with other groups (25). A previous study of 302 athletes who participated in 25 sport events in the 2012 London Olympic Games reported that 76% had gingivitis and that 55% had evidence of cavities (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of bodybuilding and protein supplements in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and serum

et al. 2017

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, and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. GI and BOP were higher in group BB-G and G than in group H (P < 0.01), but PI, PD, and CAL were similar between groups (P > 0.05). In GCF, CASP1, ASC, and IL-1β expression were upregulated in group G compared with groups BB-G and H (P < 0.01). In addition, ASC (P < 0.05) and IL-1β (P < 0.01) were downregulated in group BB-G compared with group H. CASP1, IL-1β (P < 0.01), and ASC in the saliva were downregulated in group BB-G compared with groups H and G (P < 0.05). CASP1, IL-1β, and ASC may play a role in the pathogenesis of gingivitis. Bodybuilding and supplement usage may decrease gingival inflammation by downregulating CASP1, IL-1β, and ASC.

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“…This decision required minimal change in participants' behaviour, and assured that any potential risk of bias was minimized since the current evidence seems to indicate a small, but significant effect of dental flossing on GI. In a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis, Sambunjak et al (2011) estimated that dental flossing when combined with toothbrushing could significantly reduce mean GI scores by 0.13 points at 1 month (p = 0.02). In contrast, an earlier meta-analysis by Berchier et al (2008) did not observe a significant effect of dental flossing on GI (0.04 points reduction, p = 0.06).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, an earlier meta-analysis by Berchier et al (2008) did not observe a significant effect of dental flossing on GI (0.04 points reduction, p = 0.06). In a recent meta-review, S€ alzer et al (2015) questioned the clinical relevance of these findings given the small effect size observed by Sambunjak et al (2011). Irrespective, the adoption of dental floss use by subjects who did not routinely used it required minimal change in their behaviour, while assuring that any potential risk of bias due an unbalanced distribution of dental floss use among experimental groups was minimized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%