Florol synthesis via Prins cyclization over hierarchical beta zeolites

Furfural Acetalization with Ethanol over Hierarchical vs. Conventional Beta Zeolites

“…Therefore, application of highly concentrated reaction mixtures intensifies formation of the zeolite nuclei instead of the growth into large zeolite crystals in typical diluted mixtures. Such small zeolite nanoparticles after the subsequent agglomeration generate the dense packing of the particles as has been shown in the previous papers [26,28–30] …”

“…It was previously found, that hierarchical Beta zeolite with the largest external surface area and mesopore volume was obtained in the RM with H 2 O/Si=4–5.5 [26] depending on Si/Al molar ratio in the reaction mixture. According to the previous results, these materials demonstrated high catalytic activity and selectivity to the bulky targeted products in different reactions, such as Prins cyclization, [28,29] Prins–Friedel–Crafts reaction, [30] α‐pinene oxide isomerization [31] and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols [26] …”

“…Such small zeolite nanoparticles after the subsequent agglomeration generate the dense packing of the particles as has been shown in the previous papers. [26,[28][29][30] Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms for the obtained zeolites presented in Figure 4 can be related to I + IV (hB-1-hB-3 samples) or I (B-1-B-3) type according to IUPAC classification [42] due to the presence of a high nitrogen uptake (by micropores) at a relative pressure p/p 0 < 0.05. The hysteresis loop for hB-1-hB-3 at p/p 0 ca.…”